B. GRAMMAR REVIEW

I. BASIC CONDITIONALS

1. Type 0: Câu điều kiện diễn tả thói quen hoặc một sự thật hiển nhiên.

a. Habit (Thói quen)

If + simple present tense ..., + simple present tense...

Ex:       I usually walk to school if I have enough time.

b. Command (Mệnh Lệnh).

If + simple present tense ..., + command form of verb + ...

Ex:       - If you go to the Post Office, mail this letter for me.

- Please call me if you hear anything from Jane.

2. Type 1: FUTURE POSSIBLE (Diễn tả một khả năng có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai).

If + S + V (simple present), S + will / shall + V (nguyên thể)

Ex:       If I have time, I will go.

3. Type 2: PRESENT UNREAL (Diễn tả tình huống không có thật ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai)

If + S + V (past subjunctive/ simple past), S + would / could / might + V.

Ex:       I don't win a lot of money, so I can't spend most of it travelling round the world.

→ If I won a lot of money, I could spend most of it travelling round the world.

4. Type 3: PAST UNREAL (Diễn tả tình huống không có thật ở quá khứ)

If + S + had + Vp2, S + would / could / might + have + Vp2

Ex:       I didn't tell her any good news because I wasn't here early.

→ If I had been here earlier, I would have told her some good news.

5. Type 4: Câu điều kiện pha trộn:

Form 1: Type 3 và Type 2

If + S + had + Vp2, S + would / could / might + V.

Ex:       He isn't a rich man now because he didn't take my advice.

→ If he had taken my advice, he would be a rich man now.

Form 2: Type 2 và Type 3

If + S + V (past subjunctive simple past), S + would / could / might + have  + Vp2

Ex:       If I were him, I wouldn't have got married to her.

 

II. TAG QUESTIONS

A. Ý NGHĨA CỦA CÂU HỎI ĐUÔI

1. Câu hỏi đuôi là một phần nhỏ được thêm vào sau mỗi lời phát biểu. Chúng ta sử dụng câu hỏi đuôi để xin phép sự đồng ý hoặc kiểm chứng xem thông tin có đúng không.

Ex:       There is no milk in the fridge, isn't there?

2. Quy tắc chung:

- Lời phát biểu khẳng định + câu hỏi đuôi phủ định

- Lời phát biểu phủ định + câu hỏi đuôi khẳng định

Ex:       She likes chocolate, doesn't she?

He doesn't go to school on weekends, does he?

3. Phần câu hỏi đuôi phủ định thường được viết rút gọn. Chủ ngữ của câu hỏi đuôi luôn luôn là một đại từ.

B. SPECIAL TYPES (CÁC DẠNG ĐẶC BIỆT)

1. Phần đuôi của “I am....., aren’t I”.

Ex:       I'm going to do it again, aren't I?

2. Imperatives and Requests (Câu mệnh lệnh và câu yêu cầu):

+ Có phần đuôi là “Won't you?” khi cầu phát biểu diễn tả lời mời

Ex:       Take your seat, wont you? (Mời ông ngồi).

+ Có phần đuôi là “will you?” khi cầu phát biểu diễn tả lời yêu cầu hoặc mệnh lệnh phủ định

Ex:       Open the door, will you? ( Xin vui lòng mở cửa)

Don't be late, will you ? (Đừng đi trễ nha)

3. Phần đuôi của cậu bắt đầu bằng “Lets ..” là “shall we?”

Ex: Let's go swimming, shall we?

- Nhưng phần đuôi của “Let me, ..... will you”

4. Đại từ bất định:

- Khi chủ ngữ là Đại từ bất định chỉ vật: Nothing, anything, something everything được thay thế bằng “It” ở câu hỏi đuôi.

Ex:       Everything will be all right, won't it?

- Khi chủ ngữ là Đại từ bất định chỉ người: No one, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everybody, everyone được thay thế bằng “They” trong câu hỏi đuôi.

Ex:       Someone remembered to leave the messages, didn't they?

Note: Nothing, Nobody, No one được dùng trong mệnh đề chính, động từ câu hỏi đuôi sẽ phải ở dạng khẳng định. (Vì Nothing, Nobody, No one có nghĩa phủ định)

Ex:       Nothing gives you more pleasure than listening to music, does it?

5. This/ That được thay thế là “It”.

Ex:       This won't take long, will it?

6. These/ Those được thay thế là “They”.

Ex:       Those are nice, aren't they?

7. Khi trong câu nói có từ phủ định như: seldom, rarely, hardly, no, without, never, few, little... phần đuôi phải ở dạng khẳng định.

Ex: He seldom goes to the movies, does he?

8. Nếu câu phát biểu có dạng:

- You’d better → câu hỏi đuối sẽ là: hadn't you?

- You’d rather → câu hỏi đuôi sẽ là: Wouldn’t you?

- You used to → câu hỏi đuôi sẽ là: didn’t you?

- S + ought to + V, oughtn't + S?

9. Câu đầu là “wish’ thì ta dùng “May” trong câu hỏi đuôi.

Ex:       I wish to study English, may I?

 

10. Chủ ngữ là ONE ta dùng “you” hoặc “one”.

Ex:       One can be one's master, can't you/one?

11. Câu cảm thán: Lấy danh từ trong câu đổi thành đại từ, [to be] dùng “is, am, are”.

Ex:       - What a beautiful dress, isn't it?

- What a stupid boy, isn't he?

- How intelligent you are, aren't you?

12. Câu đầu có “It seems that + mệnh đề” ta lấy mệnh đề làm câu hỏi đuôi.

Ex:       It seems that you are right, aren't you?

13. Chủ từ là mệnh đề danh từ: Dùng “it”

Ex:       - What you have said is wrong, isn't it?

- Why he killed himself seems a secret, doesn't it?

14. Câu đầu có I + các động từ sau: think, believe, suppose, figure, assume, fancy, imagine, reckon, expect, seem, feel + mệnh để phụ: Ta lấy mệnh phụ làm câu hỏi đuôi.

Ex:       - I think he will come here, won't he?

- I don't believe Mary can do it, can she?

Note:   - Mệnh đề chính có not thì vẫn tính như ở mệnh để phụ.

- Cùng mẫu này nhưng nếu chủ từ không phải là I thì lại dùng mệnh đề đầu làm câu hỏi đuôi.

Ex:       She thinks he will come, doesn't she?

PART 2: EXERCISES

A. PHONETICS

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

1. A. book                   B. look                        C. floor                        D. good

2. A. hate                    B. mate                        C. cake                        D. manage

3. A. thank                  B. than                        C. month                     D. youth

4. A. noon                   B. good                       C. soon                        D. food

5. A. chorus                 B. cheap                      C. child                       D. change

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

1. A. podium               B. title                                     C. notice                      D. pioneer

2. A. nature                 B. marriage                  C. value                       D. belief

3. A. police                  B. spirit                       C. banquet                   D. culture

4. A. determine           B. maintain                  C. sacrifice                  D. apologize

5. A. inversion             B. miserable                C. pleasant                  D. difficulty

B. VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR

I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms.

1. If I didn't feel so tired, I (go) _____would go____ out with you.

2. If you (not pass) _____didn’t pass_______ the exam, would you take it again?

3. If I (be) ______were______ you, I would apply for the job.

4. I could repair the car if I (have) _______had_____ the right tools.

5. If I (study) _____had studied______ hard, I would have passed the exam.

6. If I (not be) ______hadn’t been______ busy yesterday, I would have visited you.

7. She (go) ____would have gone_____ to the university if she had had the opportunity.

8. Suppose they had offered her a job, do you think she (take) ___would have taken____ it?

9. If she hadn't been ill yesterday, she (go) ______would go_______ to work now.

10. If I (be) ______were_____ you, I wouldn't have told him the truth yesterday.

11. If today were Monday, I (not go) ____wouldn’t have gone_____ to work yesterday.

12. What would happen if you (not go) _____didn’t go______ to work tomorrow.

13. If I had gone to your party last night, I (be) ____would be____ very tired now.

14. She must apologize to me or I (never speak) _____will never speak____ to her again.

15. If he hadn't stayed up late, he (not finish) ___wouldn’t have finished___ his task yesterday.

II. Add question tags to the following statements.

1. Everyone can learn how to swim, ____can’t they_____?

2. Nobody cheated in the exam, _____did they_____?

3. Nothing went wrong while I was gone, ____did it____?

4. I am invited, ____aren’t I ______?

5. This bridge is not very safe, ______is it_____?

6. These sausages are delicious, ____aren’t they___?

7. You haven't lived here long, ____have you____?

8. The weather forecast wasn't very good, ____was it_____?

9. He'd better come to see me, _____hadn’t he_______?

10. You need to stay longer, ____don’t you_____?

III. Choose the correct words in the bracket to complete the sentences.

innovation                   availability                   urbanization                detectors          inhabitants

sustainability               developments               investment                   creation           optimistic

1. Songdo is unique, offering city _____ inhabitants _____ something they have never had access to before.

2. The city officials are ____ optimistic _____ that the downtown will continue to be a green population center.

3. The information will be collected through the _____ detectors ____.

4. Cities need to make full use of land in order to achieve urban _____ sustainability ___.

5. Some of the other problems predicted for the near future include limited and diminishing arable land, deforestation, _____ urbanization _____, and degradation of land and water.

6. For South Korea, Songdo is more than a hi-tech business district, but a temple for future __ developments___.

7. Songdo is the prototype for the green ____ investment _____ the Korean government wants to build the economy on in the future.

8. The pace of ____ innovation ____ is happening fast in the United States.

9. I think the cities of tomorrow also need to consider the ____ availability _____ of open space.

10. Cities at their best are social environments where _____ creation _____ and human developments go hand in hand.

IV. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form the word that fits in the gap in the same line.

1. The rapid growth of the population has caused daunting problems for city planners, such as ____overcrowded_______ roads. (CROWDED)

2. It comes as no surprise that Seattle is the gold standard of _____sustainable_____ city living. (SUSTAIN)

3. New York City is expected to increase its ____renewable____ energy capacity by 50% by 2050. (RENEW)

4. Our communities will be _______cleaner______ and more sustainable, so our quality of life will be better. (CLEAN)

5. The government is making plans to _____install_____ sensors and cameras in the city centre to detect traffic problems and help drivers to avoid traffic jams. (INSTALLMENT)

6. It's urgent to upgrade the city's transport ______infrastructure______ because almost all the roads get flooded after heavy rain. (INFRASTRUCTURAL)

7. We can improve the quality of life of the inhabitants by _____reducing______ pollution. (REDUCE)

8. City dwellers can enjoy better health care than people living in the ____countryside_____, but they are usually busier and more stressed because of the city's fast pace of life. (COUNTRY)

9. They are building a new waste _____processing_____ plant to treat wastewater before it is reused or discharged into rivers. (PROCESS)

10. Be _____prepared______ for overcrowded streets and shopping malls when you visit big cities like Hong Kong and Beijing. (PREPARE)

V. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.

1. ____ there are some more ideas, we can end the meeting now.

A. Unless                    B. If                            C. As if                       D. In case

2. "It's really raining." - "Yes. If the weather ____, we'll have to camp somewhere else.”

A. would get worse    B. might get worse      C. get worse                D. should get worse

3. If anyone ____, ____ him I ____ back at 9 o'clock.

A. calls / tell / will be                                      B. called / telling / would be

C. is calling / tells / am                                    D. will call / to tell / am          

4. If she asks for money, I ____ her.

A. will give                 B. gave                        C. would give             D. would have given

5. If I ____ this exam, I'll go to the university next summer.

A. pass                        B. to pass                    C. had passed              D. passed

6. As we move toward 2050, we are facing the consequences of ____ urbanization and population growth.

A. promoting               B. improving               C. moving                   D. accelerating

7. Studies reveal that food production will need to increase by 70 percent to ____ the over 9 billion people on Earth.

A. give                        B. supply                     C. provide                   D. feed

8. New York has invested substantially in improving the ____ of its waterways in recent years.

A. quality                    B. quantity                  C. level                        D. feature

9. China has already been experimenting with ways to make its cities more ____ for the last two decades.

A. sustainable              B. harmless                  C. continued               D. natural

10. China has already been experimenting with ways to make its cities more ____ for the last two decades.

A. sustain                    B. sustainable              C. survival                   D. available

11. Don't leave anything behind, ____?

A. do you                    B. don't you                C. will you                  D. shall we

12. That isn't Bill driving, ____?

A. is it                         B. is that                      C. isn't that                  D. isn't it

13. Nobody likes the play, ____?

A. do they                   B. don't they               C. didn't they              D. did they

14. The children can read English, ____?

A. can't they                B. can they                  C. they can                 D. they can't

15. Your grandfather was a millionaire, ____?

A. was he                    B. is he                        C. wasn't he                D. isn't he

16. I think the cities of tomorrow also need to consider the availability of open space, ____?

A. do I                        B. don't I                     C. do they                   D. don't they

17. We will need new technologies to generate energy and use it in clean and safe ways, only from fully ____ sources.

A. replaced                  B. controlled               C. renewable               D. endurable

18. Across the globe, nations are preparing for water scarcity, ____?

A. are they                  B. aren't they               C. will they                 D. won't they

19. Copenhagen has been voted the most ____ city in the world several times.

A. ecological friendly                                     B. ecologically soundly

C. eco-friendly                                                D. friendly ecologically

20. This is your essay on smart cities by 2050, ____?

A. is this                      B. isn't this                  C. is it                          D. isn't it

VI. Complete the sentences with the correct question tags.

1. Berlin ties green spaces beautifully into the urban landscape, _______________________?

2. Chicago is dedicated to being a green building leader, _______________________?

3. All new cars sold in the country will be emissions free in less than 35 years, _______________________?

4. Tianjin, the eco-city in China, has focused on ensuring all its structures qualify as green buildings, _______________________?

5. There is lack of the formation necessary for making urban progress, _______________________?

6. The Mayor of London did not believe an electric double decker was technically feasible, _______________?

7. Your life will be organised by a domestic computer, _______________________?

8. The global population is growing towards nine billion by 2050, _______________________?

9. There will be electric, driverless cars, ________________________?

10. Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer banned telecommuting, _______________________?

11. The start of the 21st century in China and the Arab world was marked by the creation of new, energy-consuming cities, _______________________?

12. By 2050, between 70 and 80 percent of the world's population will live in cities, _____________________?

13. Tomorrow's cities are managed by a computer, _______________________?

14. The global conference provides us with the occasion for looking more closely at several solutions, _______________________?

15. We do not oppose the urban situations as they exist today, _______________________?

16. One billion children are deprived of one or more services essential to survival and development, _______________________?

C. READING

I. Fill in the blank with a suitable word.

Silicon Valley is (1) ___home____ to hundreds of technology companies, so it comes as no surprise that San Jose has partnered with technological giant Intel to transform itself (2) ____into___ a smart city. San Jose and Intel will work (3) __together___ to further the city's Green Vision initiative - a 15-year plan for economic growth, and improve (4) ___quality____ of life - which it launched in 2007.

Intel expects to help San Jose create 25,000 clean-tech jobs, drive economic growth, and improve the city's environmental (5) ___sustainability___. To achieve this (6) ___goal___ Intel will work with the city to track real-time data on air quality, noise pollution, traffic flow, and other environmental and (7) ___urban____ concerns which it will then use to encourage (8) __inhabitants___ to reduce emissions by using public transportation or bicycles to get to work or school.

Smart cities may sound like something of the distant future (9) __as (or but)___ many people thought the same thing about smartphones and smart homes. Up to now, over 70 percent of American adults have owned a smartphone and 1.9 billion smart home devices have been installed. If smart cities are (10) ___anything___ like these other smart innovations, we will see them appear in our communities sooner rather than later.

II. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only one word in each space.

self-driven               decrease               estimate                       circuits                        intelligent

booming              technology               digitization                   non-renewable            advancements

The cities of the future will see a large number of (1) ____ intelligent ___ homes that can communicate with their owners. In fact, things that were earlier considered science fiction are already coming to life in smart cities such as Masdar in the United Arab Emirates, where an automated underground transport network fully by solar power is already running (2) ____ circuits____.

With smart (3) ___ technology ____, the possibility of having huge savings on electricity and power is within our reach. Sensors are being developed so that street lights of the future will switch on only when you are close by. The smart technology in (4) ____ self-driven _____ cars will enable you to save on gas and other (5) ____ non-renewable ____ energy sources. In fact, smart cities will aim to neutralize the use of fossil fuels completely.

The cities of the future will have to adapt quickly to rapid technological (6) ____ advancements ___

in IT and engineering. The gap between technological leaps is going to (7) ____ decrease _____ over time. Technology will help bridge the current gap between the government and public in the cities of the future, given that IT and (8) ___ digitization ____ will make these cities more open and social.

Another thing that we can all agree on is that the cost of building in these smart cities is going to be considerable. An (9) _____ estimate _____ can be derived based on the latest smart city developments in India. With the (10) _____ booming ______ population, the Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi is pushing to attract investments to fuel rapid development projects in the country.

III. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. PREDICTIONS ABOUT THE CITIES OF THE FUTURE

Cities are built to (1) ____ and prosper. Over the years, we have learned to transform our surroundings according to our needs. We have (2) ____ through mountains to make more land and created artificial islands to make skyscrapers. City planning, as an organized profession, has existed for less than a century. (3) ____, a considerable (4) ____ of evidence (both archaeological and historical) proves the existence of fully planned cities in ancient times. Over the years, humans have made some mistakes in terms of using an excessive amount of resources for cities. This gives rise to the question of (5) ____ sustainable the cities of the future would be.

We might be (6) ____ at smart cities in which street lights would only switch on when you are close (7) ____ traffic light would be eliminated by smart driving. The cities of the future would try to save our resources (8) ____  than deplete them.

An example of an advanced city is Kansas. Plans are in place to make Kansas a smart futuristic city in the future. Planners are considering introducing sensors to monitor the water mains. Warning would be issued to city officials when the (9) ____ requires repair or replacement. In this way, the city would never be at risk of having broken pipes.

While the idea sounds fantastic, a large amount of rational critique has called this plan an oversold dream. Amy Glasmier is an urban planning professor at MIT. She is a smart city skeptic who believes that all the research and talk is great but gravely (10) ____.

1. A. find                    B. act                           C. survive                    D. celebrate

2. A. experience          B. cut                          C. decrease                  D. pollute

3. A. But                     B. Therefore                C. Although                D. However

4. A. number               B. amount                   C. percent                    D. static

5. A. what                   B. how                        C. when                       D. which

6. A. looked                B. look                        C. looking                   D. looks

7. A. at                        B. by                           C. of                            D. from

8. A. rather                  B. more                       C. would                     D. less

9. A. requests              B. research                  C. infrastructure          D. dependence

10. A. consider            B. future                      C. urban                      D. oversold

IV. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.

Today's urban cities are practically bursting at the seams. According to research from the United Nations, 54 percent of the world's population lives in urban cities areas, a percentage that is expected to increase to over 66 percent by 2050. In fact, India alone is projected to add 404 million urban dwellers to its population by 2050.

This rapid growth of the urban population has caused daunting problems for city planners, such as overcrowded roads, excessive energy consumption and unemployment. Therefore, to build more sustainable cities and accommodate the growing number of residents, many city leaders are turning to the Internet of things (IoT).

The IoT has forever changed the way urban cities operate. Cities that were once detached and inaccessible are now intelligent and highly connected. From Amsterdam to Seoul, cities are launching smart city projects to help improve quality of life residents and better support the environment. According to research from IHS Technology, there will be at least 88 smart cities globally by 2025, up from 21 in 2013.

San Francisco, for example, provides more than 100 charging stations in various locations to promote the use of hybrid and electric cars to reduce harmful greenhouse gas emissions. Copenhagen is also taking advantage of the lot to improve environmental protection and reduce road traffic by developing smart bikes equipped with sensors that generate date on air contamination and traffic congestion.

The possibilities afforded by the IoT are endless; however, designing smart cities quires comprehensive technology infrastructure that is capable of capturing and processing large amounts of data quickly and securely - which is where 4G LTE comes into play.

The future looks bright for urban cities. Soon they will be able to do things that only sci-fi enthusiasts could dream of before, like monitoring bridge conditions using intelligent sensors and conserving energy by automatically dimming street lights when no one is around.

1. Some cities which follow this trend of the new technology ____.

A. introduce smart bikes to escape air contamination and traffic congestion

B. provide charging stations in various locations for cars and bikes

C. make transportation more eco-friendly and more convenient

D. only allow the use of hybrid and electric cars to reduce pollution

2. All of the following are the advantages of the IoT EXCEPT that ____

A. the Internet of Things will be applied in several cities around the world

B. the number of smart cities decreases but the quality is much better

C. cities around the world become more intelligent and connected

D. we may improve quality of life and better support the environment

3. Today's urban cities ____.

A. are in fact extremely crowded

B. are bursting around the world

C. account for 66 percent of the world's population

D. have more 404 million dwellers by 2050

4. The potential of the IoT includes all of the following EXCEPT that ____.

A. intelligent sensors can help watch and check bridge conditions carefully

B. energy conservation can be done by automatically controlling street lights

C. things that only sci-fi enthusiasts could dream of before come true

D. comprehensive technology infrastructure to support the IoT is endless

5. The Internet of Things allows the city planners and leaders ____.

A. to develop the broadband Internet connectivity in urban cities

B. to forget daunting problems, such as overcrowded roads, and unemployment

C. to stop the rapid growth of the urban population in most cities

D. to make cities more sustainable and provide enough accommodation

D. WRITING

I. Rewrite these sentences, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same.

1. I don't buy it because I don't have enough money.

→ If I had enough money, I would buy it.

2. I didn't buy it because I didn't have enough money.

→ I would have bought it if I had had enough money.

3. There was a test yesterday. I didn't know that, so I didn't study for it.

→ If I had known there was a test yesterday, I would have studied for it.

4. I'm busy right now, so I can't help you.

→ I could help you if I weren’t busy right now.

5. He's very thin, that's why he feels so cold.

→ If he weren’t very thin, he wouldn’t feel so cold.

6. I didn't eat breakfast several hours ago, so I am hungry now.

→ If I had eaten breakfast several hours ago, I wouldn’t be hungry now.

7. If John had played for our football team, we would not have lost the game.

→ Unless John had played for our football team, we would have lost the game.

8. If I won a big prize in a lottery, I'd give up my job.

→ Unless I won a big prize in a lottery, I wouldn’t give up my job.

9. If you don't like this one, I'll bring you another.

→ Unless you like this one, I will bring you another.

10. I'll only help you if you promise to try harder.

→ Unless you promise to try harder, I won’t help you.

11. If she doesn't work harder, she'll lose her job.

→ She'll lose her job unless she works harder.

12. You can use my car, but have to keep it carefully.

→ Provided you keep my car carefully, you can use it..

13. If the work is finished by lunch, you can go home.

→ Get the work finished by lunch, you can go home.

14. Keeping calm is the secret of passing your driving test.

→ As long as you keep calm, you will pass your driving test.

15. You must work harder or you won't pass the exam.

→ You won't pass the exam unless you work harder.

PART 3: TEST YOURSELF

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

1. A. Italy                    B. Spanish                   C. Italian                     D. Japanese

2. A. say                      B. day                         C. pay                          D. saw

3. A. poor                    B. floor                        C. moor                       D. boor

4. A. sky                      B. Indian                     C. China                      D. mile

5. A. English               B. empty                     C. medicine                 D. West

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

1. A. prisoner              B. difficult                  C. exercise                   D. disaster

2. A. improvement      B. occasion                  C. believe                    D. interest

3. A. influential           B. opportunity             C. temperament           D. expectation

4. A. picture                B. number                   C. water                      D. advice

5. A. organize             B. embarrass                C. discourage              D. surrounding

III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.

1. Your brother's here, ____?

A. is he                        B. are he                      C. isn't he                    D. aren't he

2. That was Ann on the phone, ____?

A. was it                      B. was that                  C. wasn't that              D. wasn't it

3. Tom didn't see her, ____?

A. did Tom                 B. did he                     C. do Tom                   D. does he

4. Mary wasn't angry, ____?

A. was she                   B. is she                       C. wasn't she               D. was Mary

5. Susan doesn't like oysters, ____?

A. did she                   B. does she                  C. doesn't she              D. she does

6. Nothing serious will be expected in the process of building our smart city, ____?

A. will it                      B. won't it                   C. will they                 D. won't they

7. Since 2007, Boston police have been using Shotspotter, a system that allows them to ____ the location of shots fired immediately.

A. detect                     B. select                      C. collect                     D. realize

8. I'm not old enough to understand the master plan of our city by 2050, ____?

A. am I                        B. am not I                  C. aren't I                    D. are you

9. By 2050, seven out of every 10 people on Earth will be a(n) ____.

A. shelter                     B. urban residence      C. city developer         D. city dweller

10. Study after study has shown that nature improves human health and well-being, ____?

A. has it                       B. hasn't it                   C. doesn't it                 D. does it

11. If someone ____ into the store, smile and say "May I help you?"

A. comes                     B. came                       C. will come                D. would come

12. If you ____ all of my questions, I ____ anything to help you.

A. don't answer / can't do                               B. didn't answer/ won't do

C. wouldn't answer / can't do                                     D. wouldn't answer/ couldn't do

13. "Here's my phone number." - "Thanks, I ____ you a call if I ____ some help."

A. will give / will need                                    B. would give / needed

C. give / need                                                  D. will give / need

14. The teacher was absent today, so class was canceled. If she ____ absent again tomorrow, the class ____ tomorrow, too.

A. is / will cancel                                             B. is / will be canceled

C. was / would be canceled                            D. was / would cancel

15. I won't lend you this money ____ you promise to pay it back.

A. in case                    B. if                             C. otherwise                D. unless

16. Many scientists are cautiously ____ that the earth can feed more than nine billion people.

A. interested               B. pessimistic              C. optimistic                D. negative

17. Vancouver is often considered to be one of the most ____cities in the world.

A. fit                           B. liveable                   C. endurable                D. suitable

18. The Saudi government is investing billions in ____ to support the enormous influx of people in Mecca.

A. streets                     B. roads                       C. bridges                    D. infrastructure

19. Telecommunications and cloud computing will ____ transportation for moving ideas and intellectual property.

A. change                    B. replace                    C. remove                    D. eliminate

20. ____ structure in Hanoi will be changed with the development of satellite areas.

A. City                                    B. Downtown                         C. Urban                     D. Town

IV. Identify the underlined word or phrase that must be changed to make the sentence correct.

1. If I had known English better, I would apply for that job.

    A           B                         C              D                                                                              → knew

2. His English friend told him that he would help him to learn English if he has time.

                        A                                         B                     C                            D                  → had

3. If you were a fish, what kind of fish will you be?

    A          B                                C          D                                                                            → would

4. Frank would have passed the test if he studied more often.

                             A                B       C            D                                                                    → had studied

5. Unless Mary could be an animal, she would like to be a dolphin.

        A                     B                                     C           D                                                      → if

6. Unless we had more rain, our crop would grow faster.

         A                        B             C                           D                                                                       → if

7. The thief would steal money if he were rich.        

      A               B                        C        D                                                                               → unless

8. If I were to have a lot of money, I will buy that building.

    A            B                  C                     D                                                                             → would buy

9. If were I in your position, I would have another check.

    A     B                     C                    D                                                                                 → I were

10. I couldn't possibly go there if my parents gave me some money.

             A           B                     C                     D                                                                  → unless

V. Choose the word in the box to complete the text.

mini-urban                  liveable                        housing                running                    together

transforms                   urban core                  commute           connections                neighbourhoods

Helsinki already ranks as one of the world's most (1) ___ liveable ___ cities, but by 2050, it may top the list. Over the next few decades, Helsinki expects to add around 250,000 new residents. But the more the population grows, the fewer cars will be on city streets as Helsinki (2) ___ transforms ___ itself into a network of (3) ___ neighbourhoods ___ that are virtually car-free.

Right now, like many cities, Helsinki has a compact (4) __ urban core ___ linked to far-flung suburbs by expressways. As the city grows, each suburb will change into a (5) __ mini-urban ____ center surrounding tram or trail stations.

Helsinki expects its busy expressways to become boulevards lined with new (6) _____ housing ______, sidewalk cafes, bike lanes, and trams and buses. Residents will run everyday errands on foot or by bike; the city hopes that homes, businesses, schools, and stores will all be close enough (7) ____ together ___ that many people might not even have to (8) ____ commute ___ anymore.

Helsinki is described as a green network city which has five green fingers (9) ___ running ___ through the city from sea to surrounding forest network. Most of the new development will be located on brownfield areas, and on transforming motorway corridors. The city also plans to add parks along the shoreline and add new (10) ___ connections ___ to nearby islands.

VI. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

WHAT WILL LIFE BE IN 2050?

I find it (1) ____ fascinating thinking about the future, as technology is rapidly advancing and in 40 years' time, who knows what we'll be able to do with it. Scientists have recently predicted that (2) ____ 2050 the population of the world will be over ten billion and technology will have advanced so greatly (3) ____ we will have far more information about all known diseases and possibly cures), we will all be living in eco houses and will no longer face high electricity bills and we may even be able to make a holiday to Mars.

Our daily lives will definitely be filled with all kinds of new technologies that help us do the things we hate nowadays. House Robo's will be a likely feature in all homes and will help run the family home, take out the rubbish, prepare food and hoover the house from top to bottom. Our kitchen gadgets (such as your fridge, cooker, microwave and dishwasher) will also be 'robotic' and will email or text us, the users, when a food item has gone out of date or has been used up. (4) ____, the fridge has a built-in camera so that when you are at the supermarket, you can log in to your fridge and (5) ____ what you need to stock up on.

It is predicted that by 2050 we will all have 'weekly digital health checks' in our homes, which run sensors over our bodies to check for signs of ill (6) ____ and any abnormalities. Conditions can instantly be (7) ____ by the ‘virtual doctor’ inside the health machine and treated immediately, and if you need a prescription - it will be ordered and sent out automatically. If the digital health check picks up on a person being overweight, they will send a signal to the (8) ____ house computer to (9) ____ their diet and book in for gym sessions. Because of all this immediate treatment, people will live far longer and won't be (10) ____ out by disease or forms of cancer. Medical conditions that are considered rare today will be far more known about and will be able to be cured quickly and efficiently.

1. A. absolutely           B. extinctively             C. disappeared            D. absolute

2. A. in                        B. at                            C. by                           D. since

3. A. that                     B. what                       C. which                      D. when

4. A. Finally                B. Contrarily               C. Differently             D. Similarly

5. A. give                    B. find                         C. check                      D. connect

6. A. disease                B. health                      C. ruin                         D. tiredness

7. A. recognizing         B. recognized              C. recognition             D. recognize

8. A. national              B. town                       C. domestic                 D. international

9. A. modify               B. recycle                    C. conclude                 D. make

10. A. blown               B. wiped                     C. broke                      D. went

VII. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.

The Rise of Robots

As kids, our grandparents frequently scared us by talking about how difficult life was when they were growing up. They mentioned walking miles to school in the snow, or doing hours of manual labour for little pay. Life has changed greatly since then, and it seems to get easier year by year. In fact, with the help of robots we soon might have to do much at all. But is this a good thing?

By 2030, it's estimated that robotics will be a $10 billion business worldwide. Companies are already starting to integrate them into the workforce. The electronics manufacturer Foxconn is drawing up plans to launch a factory within the next 10 years that's completely staffed by robot workers. Meanwhile, an American company Briggo has invented a robot that serves gourmet-quality coffee to customers. With the push of a button it will crush coffee beans, measure exact quantities of water, and even wave a steam wand to ensure customers get the perfect cream on top. Unlike human baristas, it can serve multiple drinks at once and work all day and night without a break.

Robots are also invading our homes. The Rooma is a mini-robot that vacuums rooms automatically according to a schedule. The Robomow is a device that will cut the grass for you while you sit in the shade. Then there's the Nanda clocky, an alarm clock that makes sure that even the deepest sleepers get up on time. The clock is attached to a pair of wheels, and it will randomly move around the room. Once you finally catch it, you're probably too awake to hit the snooze button. Although these early home robots are somewhat basic, they will likely become more capable as times goes on.

Although robots certainly help us to eliminate tedious tasks, many people are concerned about a future filled with robots. Some fear that humanity will start to decline if machines do everything for us. Others have even warned about the robot rebellion, in which robots become so smart that they may decide to turn on their masters. These ideas may seem a bit far-fetched, but there are certainly lots of questions that need to be answered before everyone opens up to the idea of a robotic future.

Question 1. How is Briggo's invention superior to human workers?

A. It is more knowledgeable about coffee-making.              

B. It is better at conversation.

C. It requires no break                                                           

D. It can operate machinery.

Question 2. What would happen if you pressed the snooze button?

A. You would have to wake up immediately                                    

B. The alarm clock would turn off forever

C. The alarm would stop, but go off again soon                   

D. Nothing would happen at all

Question 3. Which of the following is NOT true about the concerns over robots?

A. It takes some time for people to accept robots.                

B. Robots may do some harm to humans.

C. The idea of robotics may seem far-fetched.                      

D. Robots may be dominant at the workplace.

Question 4. The word "tedious" in the last paragraph mostly means ____.

A. boring                     B. difficult                  C. intelligent               D. expensive

Question 5. What is the last paragraph mainly about?

A. Some reasons why people don't accept robots yet.

B. A very amusing science-fiction story about robots.

C. How people in local communities are supporting robots.

D. A few of the latest robots on the market today.

Question 6. According to the first paragraph, how is the life changed since our parents time?

A. The education system has got much worse

B. Things aren't as hard as they once were

C. Children have to walk longer distance to school

D. It hasn't changed much at all

Question 7. All of the following are true about robots EXCEPT that ____.

A. they can work all day and night without break

B. they have greater capabilities

C. they can draw up plans to launch a story

D. they can do boring tasks for human

Question 8. We can infer from the passage that ____.

A. present domestic robots can work without any programs

B. the communication will decline with the use of robots

C. a robot rebellion can happen daily

D. robotics will have been a major business by 2030