B. GRAMMAR REVIEW
I. PARTICIPLE AND TO - INFINITIVE CLAUSES
1.
Chúng ta cũng có thể dùng một quá khứ phân từ để thay thế cho một mệnh để quan
hệ mà động từ chia ở thể bị động.
Ex:
a. They
live in a house that was built in 1890.
→ They
live in a house built in
1890.
b. The ideas which are
presented in that book are interesting.
→ The
ideas presented in that book
are interesting.
c. The ancient houses which
were destroyed by the fire are now under reconstruction.
→ The
ancient houses destroyed by
the fire are now under reconstruction.
2.
Hiện tại phần từ được dùng khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thì tiếp diễn,
hoặc diễn tả một thói quen hay một điều ước.
Ex:
a. The
boy who is playing the piano is Ben.
→ The
boy playing the piano is Ben.
b. We have a house which
overlooks the park.
→ We
have a house overlooking the
park.
c. The man who spoke
to John is my brother.
→ The
man speaking to John is my
brother.
3.
Động từ nguyên thể có “to” được sử dụng sau: the first, the second, etc, the
next, the last, the only và đôi khi dùng sau cấp so sánh cao nhất như the most
famous, the oldest.
Ex:
a. Yuri
Gagarin was the first man who flew into space.
→ Yuri
Gagarin was the first man to fly
into space.
b. The last person who
leaves the room must turn off the light.
→ The
last person to leave the room
must turn off the light.
PART 2: EXERCISES
A. PHONETICS
I. Find the word which has a different sound
in the part underlined.
1. A. government B. borrowing C. program D. promotion
2.
A. possession B. access
C. property D. American
3. A. language B. Wales C. Australia D. pronunciation
4.
A. print B. Indian
C. China D. mingling
5. A. English B. French C. American D. West Africa
II. Choose the word which has a different
stress pattern from the others.
1.
A. beautiful B. terrific C. wonderful D. marvelous
2.
A. conical B. different C. symbolic D.
careful
3.
A. cultural B. mischievous C. interesting D. responsible
4. A. finance B.
service C. order D. company
5.
A. interview B. agency C. addition D. customer
B. VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR
I. Choose the correct words in brackets to
complete the sentences.
1.
If you buy stolen relics, you will help to create a black market, to lead / leading to further destruction of the
heritage site.
2.
The final thing to remember / remembering is to
admire the corals from a distance and not to break off any pieces to take home
as souvenirs.
3.
The tour guide taking / to take us to Ha Long
Bay can speak three languages.
4.
At the end of this corridor there is a gate leading / leaded to the main door of the
temple.
5.
The Taj Mahal complex, recognized /
recognizing as a World Heritage Site in 1983, includes the tomb, the
mosque, the guest house, and the main gate.
6.
Here are some of the things to avoid / avoiding
when visiting a heritage site.
7.
Many of the items such as rings, key chains, or souvenirs are made of unusual
shells or unique stones illegally removed / to remove
from the protected areas.
8.
The pagoda damaged / damaging in the storm has now
been rebuilt.
9.
That man was selling unusual relics illegally removed /
removing from the protected area of this heritage site.
10.
Visitors should avoid shops to sell / selling unusual
relics from the area.
II. Put the correct preposition for the
sentences below.
preservation
archaeological complex cultural intact
heritage relics
excavations dynasties attraction
1.
A lot of ancient houses in Ho An remain _____ intact ______ even after several hundred years.
2.
A lot of ___ relics _____ from
ancient times are on display at the national heritage museum.
3.
During the different ______ dynasties
___, the Thang Long Imperial Citadel was expanded.
4.
What is special about Hoi An Ancient Town is that it is in a good state of ____ preservation ____.
5.
The old houses have been pulled down in order to build a modern residential
_____ complex ____.
6.
These historic buildings are an important part of Hanoi's ______ heritage ______ and should be
preserved.
7.
The archaeological ______ excavations
_____ that led to the discovery of the ancient city lasted several years.
8.
The tour of the cave and grotto system is the main _____ attraction _____ for tourists in Phong Nha - Ke Bang National
Park.
9.
At the Central Sector of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long, visitors can see
the _____ archaeological ____ site at
18 Hoang Dieu street and several famous monuments.
10.
In December 1993, UNESCO recognised the Complex of Hue monuments as a World
_____ cultural ____ Heritage Site -
the first site in Vietnam to be added to the World Heritage list.
III. Use the word given in capitals at the end
of each line to form the word that fits in the gap in the same line.
1.
Cuc Phuong National Park is also a(n) _______abudant_______ zone of fauna. (ABUNDANCE)
2.
A number of caves in Huong Son Complex are _____archaeological_____ sites belonging to the Hoa Binh Culture dated
back to over 10,000 years. (ARCHAEOLOGY)
3.
Set in a quiet environment, Hoi An is ____surrounded_____
by peaceful villages that have crafts such as carpentry, bronze making, and
ceramic. (SURROUNDING)
4.
Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park is one of the finest and most ______distinctive_____ examples of a complex
limestone landform in Southeast Asia. (DISTINCT)
5.
The _____excavation_____ work in Con
Moong Cave area has been carried out for several years. (EXCAVATE)
6.
Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park can be compared to a huge ____geological___ museum. (GEOLOGY)
7.
Last year, we came to the heritage site and beautiful ____landscape___ of West Yen Tu. (LAND)
8.
The Champa Kingdom was vividly _____illustrated____
by the ruins of My Son. (ILLUSTRATE)
9.
The basic architectural and landscape features of the Complex of Hue Monuments
have been maintained intact since their original _____construction____ in the early 19t century. (CONSTRUCT)
10.
Yen Tu is a complex of ___architectural___
masterpieces located in a beautiful landscape. (ARCHITECT)
IV. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to
complete the sentences.
1.
The guest on our show is the youngest golfer ____ the Open.
A. won B. to win C. being won D. winning
2.
I have a message for people ____ by the traffic chaos.
A. to delay B.
who delaying C. delayed D. who delay
3.
The ____ items in Con Moong Cave are now kept in Thanh Hoa Museum for
preservation and displaying work.
A. excavating B. excavated C.
excavation D. excavator
4.
The Citadel of the Ho Dynasty is the only stone citadel in Southeast Asia ____
of large limestone blocks.
A. constructing B.
which constructed C. to
construct D. to be constructed
5.
Emma Thompson is the most famous actress ____ on the stage here.
A. appeared B.
appear C. appearing D. to appear
6.
Have you visited the pagodas ____ on Tran Phu Street in Hoi An.
A. to lie B. lying C. lain D. lie
7.
The Temple of Preah Vihear in Cambodia is composed of a series of sanctuaries
____ by a system of pavements and starcases over an 800 metre long axis.
A.
linked B.
linking C. to link D. being linked
8.
Cat Ba is also rich of cultural festivals and traditions that are highly
potential for ____ and development.
A. research B.
growth C. conservation D. promotion
9.
Irresponsible tourists damaged the archaeological site and some of the relics
____ back to the last ruling dynasty.
A. to date B. dating C. to be dated D. date
10.
The ancient houses ____ by the fire are now under reconstruction.
A. to destroy B.
destroying C. destroyed D. destroy
11.
The boy ____ in the accident was taken to hospital.
A. injuring B.
being injured C. have injured D. injured
12.
Hoi An Ancient Town is preserved in a remarkably ____ state.
A. damaged B.
unspoiled C. intact D. unharmed
13.
Son Doong Cave, ____ in 2009, is believed to contain the world's largest cave
passage.
A.
first explored B. to explore first C. exploring first D. was first explored
14.
The captain was the last ____ the sinking ship.
A.
to leave B. that leaving C. left D. whom to leave
15.
Son Doong Cave is the largest cave in the world ____ in Phong Nha - Ke Bang
National Park.
A. which discovered B. discovering C.
to discover D. to be discovered
16.
The Thang Long Imperial Citadel was built in the 11th century by the Ly
Dynasty, ____ the independence of Dai Viet.
A.
marking B.
offering C. commemorating
D. bringing
17.
Melanie was the only person ____ a letter of thanks.
A. wrote B.
written C. to write D. writing
18.
No fluorescent lights, no motorcycles, no television, on the 15th day of each
lunar month, the riverside town of Hoi An ____ modern life the night off.
A.
gives B.
lets C. brings D. turns
19.
We came to the temple dedicated to King Dinh Tien Hoang, ____ Hoa Lu to build
the citadel.
A. to choose B. choosing C. chosen D. which chose
20.
Who were those people ____ outside?
A. waited B.
to wait C. who waiting D. waiting
V. Choose the correct word in the box to
complete the sentences.
attractive mysterious
combination preservation exceptionally
excavation settlement
harmonious architectural
geological
1.
In 1805, King Gia Long requested the building of a new, smaller citadel called
Hanoi Citadel with a new ____ architectural
____ style.
2.
The Complex of Hue Monuments is a _____
combination _____ of many royal monuments from the Nguyen Dynasty.
3.
As for me, the Citadel of the Ho Dynasty is one of the most _____ attractive ____ destinations in Vietnam
because of its value.
4.
Due to its special ____ geological
____ constitution, Ba Be Lake has very original and special features.
5.
The ____ excavation ____ site in Con
Moong Cave is also one of archaeological sites that contain the thickest
cultural layer Vietnam at present.
6.
Cat Ba Archipelago bears the _____
exceptionally ___ natural values with its tropical forests which cover the
limestone system and the mangrove wetlands.
7.
The Complex of Yen Tu Monuments and Landscape is a vivid illustration of human
interaction with the environment and traditional human permanent _____ settlement _____.
8.
Besides the historical value of geology, Phong Nha - Ke Bang is also favoured
with the ____ mysterious ____ and
majestic landscapes by nature.
9.
Management and ____ preservation
_____ in Hoi An are further strengthened through master planning and action
plans.
10.
The architecture of Hoi An is a _____ harmonious
_____ blend of Vietnamese, Chinese and Japanese influences.
C. READING
I. Fill in the bank with a suitable word.
Hoan Kiem Lake is an attractive body of water right in the (1) ___heart__ of Ha Noi. Legend has it that
in the mid-15th (2) ___century__,
Heaven gave Emperor Le Thai To (Le Loi) a magical sword which he used to fight
(3) ___against___ the Chinese, the
Ming aggressors, out of Viet Nam. After that one day when he was out (4) ___ sailing ___ in the lake, a giant (5)
__golden __ tortoise suddenly
grabbed the sword and (6) ___disappeared__
into the depths of the lake. Since then, the lake has been known as Hoan Kiem
Lake (Lake of the Restored Sword) (7) ___because___
it is believed the sword was taken to its original divine owners.
The tiny Tortoise Pagoda, topped with a red star, is (8) ____on___ a small island in the middle of
the lake; it is often used (9) ___as___
an emblem of Ha Noi. Every morning around 6 a.m., local residents can be seen
around Hoan Kiem Lake (10) __doing___
their morning exercise, jogging or playing badminton.
II. Fill in the blanks with a suitable word in
the box.
guardians sacred
intricate dilapidated
mainland chiseled
bridge archaeologists
MY SON SANCTUARY
Hidden away in the tropical forest near the port city of Da Nang and
the very popular World Heritage town of Hoi An is the Champa civilization’s (1)
_____ sacred ______ valley of My Son,
or “Beautifal Mountain”. I joined the full day package tour from Hoi An, which
was quite very convenient as it included all transportation, ticket fee. lunch
and guide. I arrived in My Son around 10 o’clock. After walking for a while, I
found the complex of tourist facilities, and one of them is the performance
hall. Our guide insisted us keeping going into the forest. Within few minutes,
I started to see the complex of ancient Hindu temples made from brick
At first, the (2) _____
dilapidated ______ state of the complex was quite shocking, and almost
nothing was left to see. I decided to discover the site by myself and I started
to be impressed by the amazing quality of brick carving details. The image of
Hinduism (3) ______ guardians _____
and angels are truly beautiful and reminded me about Angkor in Cambodia. For
me, My Son is the great evidence of how Southern Indian art expanded to
Southeast Asia since ancient Cham people came from Java where Indian art
flourished, and later expand to modern day Vietnam and later Cambodia and
Thailand. The construction method of My Son is also very unique: Cham people
built a whole block of bricks then burned them to make the whole brick block
very solid and strong then (4) ____
chiseled ______ into the temple. I walked around the complex many times to
enjoy its (5) _____ intricate _____
motifs until the guide informed that there are more complex to see.
I went to see another complex, this one is located on the hill and
recently partial rebuilt by a group of Italian (6) _____ archaeologists ____, and they are planning to rebuild more, which
is a very good news for My Son preservation. The rebuilt complex is very lovely
and illustrates the original layout very well even though the new brick really
contrasts with the old ones. After that, the guide took me back to the bus and
back to Hoi An, it was exactly 3 hours inside My Son. Despite the bad state of
preservation, I really enjoyed my visit to My Son, the place has exceeded my
expectation and even small complex can clearly show its value as a
(7)
_____ bridge ____ of cultural
exchange between India - Java and (8) ____
mainland ____ Southeast Asia.
III. Choose the word or phrase among A, B,
Cord that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
Recognized as a World Heritage Site in Vietnam, Ha Long Bay attracts
thousands of visitors every year, who come to enjoy its magnificent natural (1)
____. However, the bay is also facing a number of threats that may lead to
serious damage to the site.
Wildlife in Ha Long Bay is being (2) ____ by overfishing as this is
the only job to support most of the inhabitants here. As a (3) ____, rare sea
creatures may become extinct soon.
(4) ____ problem is deforestation of mangrove forests. The mangroves,
known as the plants native to Ha Long Bay, provide protection during storms,
preserve the shoreline, and act as a natural filter that keeps the sea
environment clean and healthy. Numerous wildlife species (5) ____ plants and
fish also depend on the mangroves.
What is more, some markets in Ha Long Bay sell unusual relics and
natural (6) ____, such as coral pieces, sea shells, or unique stones, probably
illegally removed from the (7) ____ areas. Many of these items, converted into
rings, key chains, and other souvenirs, are purchased by unsuspecting tourists.
Buying these items creates a black market (8) ____ to further destruction of Ha
Long Bay.
As eco-tourists, we can help to protect Ha Long Bay for future
generations in several ways. For example, by sailing or fishing with the
fishermen, we can share the benefits of tourism with the local (9) ____.
This
will help them to increase their income and reduce excessive fishing. We can
also help local people to learn about the significance of the mangrove forests
and help them to replant the mangroves. We should also avoid purchasing unusual
souvenirs. As responsible tourists, we can (10) ____ suspected traders or
vendors by refusing to buy their illegal goods.
1.
A. middle B. main C. landscape D. point
2.
A. destruction B. destroyed C. destructing D. destroy
3.
A. instant B. example C. accident D. result
4.
A. Others B. Other C. Another D. One
5.
A. making B. including C. getting D. creating
6. A. objects B. dangers C. lost D. escapes
7.
A. protective B. protection C. protecting D. protected
8.
A. allowing B. leading C. appointing D. sending
9. A. community B. people C. society D.
human
10.
A. do B. discourage C. compare D. contrast
IV. Read the passage and choose the best
answer.
A rather surprising geographical feature of Antarctica is that a huge
freshwater lake, one of the world's largest and deepest, lies hidden there under four
kilometers of ice. Now known as Lake Vostok, this huge body of water is located
under the ice block that comprises Antarctica. The lake is able to exist in its
unfrozen state beneath this block of ice because its waters are warmed by
geothermal heat from the earth's core. The thick glacier above Lake Vostok
actually insulates it from the frigid
temperatures on the surface.
The lake was first discovered in the 1970s while a research team was
conducting an aerial survey of the area. Radio waves from the survey equipment
penetrated the ice and revealed a body of water of indeterminate size. It was
not until much more recently that data collected by satellite made scientists
aware of the tremendous size of the lake; the satellite-borne radar detected an
extremely flat region where the ice remains level because it is floating on the
water of the lake.
The discovery of such a huge freshwater lake trapped under Antarctica
is of interest to the scientific community because of the potential that the
lake contains ancient microbes
that have survived for thousands of years, unaffected by factors such as
nuclear fallout and elevated ultraviolet light that have affected organisms in
more exposed areas. The downside of the discovery, however, lies in the
difficulty of conducting research on the lake in such a harsh climate and in
the problems associated with obtaining uncontaminated samples from the lake
without actually exposing the lake to contamination. Scientists are looking for
possible ways to accomplish this.
Question 1: The word "hidden"
in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ____.
A. undrinkable B. untouched C. unexploitable D. undiscovered
Question 2: What is true of Lake Vostok?
A. It is completely frozen. B. It
is saltwater lake.
C.
It is beneath a thick slab of ice. D.
It is heated by the sun.
Question 3: Which of the following is closest in meaning to "frigid" in paragraph 1?
A.
extremely cold B. easily broken C. quite harsh D.
lukewarm
Question 4: All of the following are true about the 1970 survey of Antarctica
EXCEPT that it ____.
A. was conducted by air B.
made use of radio waves
C. could not determine the lake's exact size D. was controlled by a satellite
Question 5: It can be inferred from the passage that the ice would not be flat if
____.
A.
there were no lake underneath B. the lake were
not so big
C. Antarctica were not so cold D. radio waves
were not used
Question 6: The word "microbes"
in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by which of the following?
A. Pieces of dust B. Tiny bubbles C. Tiny organisms D. Rays of light
Question 7: Lake Vostok is potentially important to scientists because ____.
A. can be studied using radio waves
B.
may contain uncontaminated microbes
C. may have elevated levels of ultraviolet
light
D. has already been contaminated
Question 8: The purpose of the passage is to ____.
A. explain how Lake Vostok was discovered
B. provide satellite data concerning
Antarctica
C. discuss future plans for Lake Vostok
D.
present an unexpected aspect of Antarctica's geography
D. WRITING
I. Rewrite the following sentences using
present participle, past participle or to-infinitive.
1.
Maxicorp were the only company which replied my letter.
Maxicorp were the only company to
reply my letter.
2.
Do you know the man who is talking to my father?
Do you know the man talking to my
father?
3.
Applications which were sent after 23rd will not be considered.
Applications sent after 23rd
will not be considered.
4.
We have a lot of exercises which we have to do tonight.
We have a lot of exercises to do
tonight.
5.
Studies of her son are the most important thing that she cares about.
Studies of her son are the most
important thing to care about.
6.
The equipment which belongs to the club is insured.
The equipment belonging to the
club is insured.
7.
George is the first person that we will interview.
George is the first person to be
interviewed.
8.
Meetings which are held every month are called monthly meetings.
Meetings held every month are
called monthly meetings.
9.
The most excellent students who were rewarded the scholarship would have a
two-week holiday in Vung Tau.
The most excellent students
rewarded the scholarship would have a two-week holiday in Vung Tau.
10.
The trees which were planted last week are growing well.
The trees planted last week are
growing well.
II. Rewrite the following sentences using
present participle, past participle or to-infinitive.
1.
The man who is talking to John is from Korea.
The man talking to John is from
Korea.
2.
The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting.
The ideas presented in that book
are interesting.
3.
Ann is the woman who is responsible for preparing the budget.
Ann is the woman responsible for
preparing the budget.
4.
English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters.
English has an alphabet
consisting of 26 letters.
5.
The books that are on that shelf are mine.
The books on that shelf are mine.
6.
The children who attend that school receive a good education.
The children attending that
school receive a good education.
7.
The psychologists who study the nature of sleep have made important
discoveries.
The psychologists studying the
nature of sleep have made important discoveries.
8.
The sunlight which comes through the window wakes me up early every morning.
The sunlight coming through the
window wakes me up early every morning.
9.
John Quincy Adams, who was born on July 11th 1767, was the sixth
president of the United States.
John Quincy Adams, born on July
11th 1767, was the sixth president of the United States.
10.
These are the ancient houses which were built a long time ago.
These are the ancient houses
built a long time ago.
PART 3: TEST YOURSELF
I. Find the word which has a different sound
in the part underlined.
1.
A. study B. business C. function D. number
2.
A. soft B. modern
C. communication D. technology
3. A. love B. box C. hobby D. problem
4.
A. gone B. go C. hot D. long
5.
A. houses B. glasses
C. horses D. studies
II. Choose the word which has a different
stress pattern from the others.
1.
A. inaccurate B. illegal C. positive D. domestic
2.
A. confident B. eternal C. dangerous D. healthier
3.
A. independent B. academic C. compulsory D.
unexpected
4. A secondary B. immediate C. miraculous D.
domestic
5.
A. simple B. polite C. formal D. instant
III. Choose the correct words to complete the
sentences.
1.
Scholars believe that there are still relics buried under the tomb and awaiting
excavation / heritage.
2.
Lack of preservation / customer of this heritage
building has resulted in damage to its walls.
3.
The best part of our trip to the national park was the tour to many ancient / antiques ruins.
4.
Phong Nha - Ke Bang has a complex geological / biological
structure with different varieties of stone
5.
The ruling scholar / dynasty was responsible
for reuniting the kingdom.
6. Exploring / Destroying the caves and
grottos in Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park is the most popular activity for
visitors
7.
This heritage site is famous for its beautiful scenes / scenery.
8.
Visiting the Tomb of Khai Dinh, tourists will notice a mix of eastern and
western dynasties / architecture.
9.
Scientists working on the site found many ancient tools, tombs and pottery, and
made some important archaeological /
technological discoveries.
10.
The tombs are part of our historical heritage /
traditions.
IV. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to
complete the sentences.
1.
We noticed a pile of stones ____ in the road.
A. left B. leaving C. to leave D. having left
2.
The vegetation layers in Cat Ba Archipelago from spectacular and scenic
landscapes and make the site become ____ to all Vietnam's typical ecosystems.
A.
home B.
house C. scenery D. basis
3.
The monuments of My Son are the most important constructions of the Champa
Kingdom, ____ coast of Central Vietnam from the 4th to the 13th
centuries.
A. to flourish B. flourished C. flourishing D. to be flourished
4.
A lorry ____ concrete pipes has overturned.
A. carried B.
being carried C. carrying D. to carry
5.
Most tourists like buying clothes, lanterns, and other handicraft ____ by local
craftmen in Hoi An. C. made
A. to make B.
making C. made D. make
6.
The only thing ____ at the Citadel of the Ho Dynasty is the stone walls.
A. to see B.
seeing C. sees D. see
7.
The Complex of Hue Monuments was the first site in Vietnam ____ as a World
Heritage Site by UNESCO.
A.
to be recognized B. be recognizing C. recognizes D.
recognize
8.
Located in Hoang Dieu Street, Hau Lau has ____ architecture of the Eastern and
Western styles
A. abundant B.
authentic C. mixed D. complex
9.
The limestone in Phong Nha is not continuous, which has led to a particularly
____ shape.
A.
distinctive B. similar C. genuine D.
diverse
10.
Near the White House is another famous landmark ____ the Washington Monument.
A. is which B.
which call C. called D. it is called
11.
The distinction of the Khai Dinh Tomb is the unique architecture ____ the art
of Rococo and the Vietnamese style.
A. combined B. combining C. to be combined D. which combine
12.
Although some of the structures are now ____, most of the significant existing
monuments have been partially restored.
A. in danger B.
at risk C. in ruins D. at war
13.
The food ____ in this supermarket is very good.
A. selling B.
which sold C. to sell D. sold
14.
My Son Sanctuary is an area ____ with Hindu-like architecture and art.
A. covering B. covered C. which covered D. to cover
15.
Most houses in Hoi An are of ____ architecture dating from the 17th
to the 19th century.
A. tradition B. traditional C. ancient D. customary
16.
To plant rice, farmers, ____, set young plants in the mud.
A. they wade with bare feet in the water B. who water
wading in their bare feet
C.
wading in the water with their bare feet D.
whose bare feet wading in the water
17.
The nearly 4-hour ____ from Ha Long Bay to Cat Ba Island afforded us visits to
well-known caves and beaches.
A. travel B.
vacation C. boating D. cruise
18.
Another thing that I was really impressed with Hoi An is the preservation of
the whole town which is very amazing and very ____.
A. correct B.
exact C. authentic D. original
19.
A fine tomb, ____, marks the grave of the poet Chaucer.
A. which in the fifteenth century was erecting
B. erected in the
fifteenth century
C. erecting in the fifteenth century D. being
erected in the fifteenth century
20.
I live in a pleasant room ____ the garden.
A. to overlook B.
overlooked C. overlooking D. which overlooking
V. Fill in the gap with a suitable word to
complete the passage.
THE AREA OF OLD CARVED STONES IN SA PA
The area of old carved stones in Sa Pa lies mainly in the Muong Hoa
Valley, (1) _____where____
there
are settlements of ethnic minority people in Sa Pa District. Lao Cai Province.
Carved stones here have been discovered since a long time (2) ____ago_____. In 1925, a French scholar
coming here discovered
more
than 30 pieces of stone that had been carved with various images, scattered
along the Hoa Spring bank. Later, other scientists have come here to (3) ____study___ the carved pieces of stone.
Until now, researchers have discovered more than 200 (4) ____pieces_____ of stone carved with
different images, among them are the big ones which have complicated designs.
The (5) _____most_____
common patterns are images of mountains, hills and fields. In one pieces of
one, we can find images of houses, following the patter of house on site with
the form of bond with curved roof, reminding the image of here on the Dong Son
bronze (6) ___drums___.
Particularly, a (7) ___number____
of researchers have raised the hypothesis of traces of 3 kinds of writing
system, following the pattern of pictorial writing with straight and curved
lines. There are writing systems almost (8) ___similar____ to the writing systems found on amulets of Tay ethnic
group and Dao ethnic group, but they are not Tay characters. The discovery of 3
above kinds of writing system on carved pieces of stones makes more complicated
the determination of the author of those works. Maybe those authors (9) ____belong___ to many different ethnic
minorities and have achieved their works in different times.
There are opinions underlining that those pieces of stone have been
carved by the old Viet people. At present, there remain a number of (10) ____legends____ about the “Father piece”
and “Mother piece” of stone related to inhabitants of the areas lying at the
mountain foot coming here to find new settlements. However, the problem of
determination of the real authors of those works is still to be solved.
VI. Choose the word in the box to complete the
text.
performs meeting nature skill attacked
set sessions rocky construction
considering
The citadel of the Ho Dynasty was built according to the Feng Shui
principles, (1) ____ considering____
the
flowering of neo-Confucianism in the late 14th century in Vietnam
and its spread to other (2) __ sessions
__ of East Asia. According to these principles, it was located in a landscape
of great (3) ____ nature ____ beauty
on an axis (4) __ meeting __ the
Tuong Son and Don Son Mountains in a plain between the Ma and Buoi Rivers. In
terms of architectural history, the citadel of the Ho Dynasty (5) ____ performs __ an important role in the
planning and building of urban areas in Vietnam. It shows the uniqueness in the
(6) __ construction_ of a citadel in
general and a stone citadel in particular, and a breakthrough in Vietnam's
tradition of citadel building.
Thanks to the unique construction techniques, all the (7) ____ rocky ____ stone sections are intact
and have not been (8) _____ attacked
_____ by time and weather or by recent urban encroachment. The citadel of the
Ho Dynasty is an architectural (9) _____
skill _____ of the 14th century with impressive architecture of
the walls and other parts. The citadel buildings represent an outstanding
example of a new (10) ____set_____ of
Southeast Asian imperial city with a combination between the Vietnamese
architecture and the unique building techniques of Southeast Asia and Eastern
Asia.
II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or
D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
HOI AN ANCIENT TOWN
Arriving in Hoi An around 9 p.m, I was really relieved when I
discovered that the (1) ____ town was peacefully quiet, something I am really
(2) ____ is that Hoi An at night may become crazy club scenes. In the next
morning, I woke up very early, and walked around the town admiring waterfront
areas where local fishermen were ready to go out for day fishing, the very
lively market and extremely ring and empty streets. (3) ____ there was no
tourist, only locals then and the souvenir shops were still close, I felt that
Hoi An at that moment was an extremely gorgeous place to visit.
The yellowish Chinese styled houses along the street together with
decorative bushes of bougainvillea flower are lovely sights and very (4) ____.
The layout of houses was claimed to be unique for not strictly complied with
Feng Shui but for benefit of better ventilation in tropical region. Another thing
that I am really (5) ____ is the preservation of the whole town which is very
amazing and very authentic, which is a thing that cannot be found in Melaka,
Singapore or Macao. The Japanese Bridge is maybe the only sight that I found
very interesting for its stories that the Japanese built this bridge in (6)
____ to calm evil serpent spirit "Namazu" that caused earthquake in
very faraway Japan since they believe Hoi An is located on the back of the
serpent. I strangely found that there are still many nice temples, (7) ____ the
one dedicate to Confucius which has more unique and interesting Vietnamese
elements more than the preserved one in the core zone.
I also (8) ____ that Hoi An is not only popular with European tourists
but also Korean, Japanese, Australian and New Zealander. After sunset, the
whole town waterfront becomes a night market with many local foods. And at that
time Hoi An is very charming with hundreds of paper and (9) ____ lanterns. Hoi
An at night seems to be a very popular place for pre-wedding photo shooting, as
I saw many Vietnamese couples in their traditional dresses with their
photographer teams everywhere especially around the Japanese Bridge, so a great
place to see local contemporary weeding cultures.
All in all, I really enjoyed my time in Hoi An for its lovely (10)
____ nice townscape.
Note: -
bougainvillea flower = hoa giấy
-
townscape = cảnh quan thành phố
1.
A. middle B. mainly C. whole D. major
2.
A. neglected B. concerned C. noticed D. protected
3.
A. Because B. As C. For D. Since
4.
A. photograph B. photographer C. photogenic D.
photography
5.
A. impressing B. impressed C. impressive D. impression
6. A. order B. that C. as D. other
7.
A. specially B. contrarily C. partly D. especially
8.
A. destroyed B. noted C. wrote D. ruined
9. A. silk B. clothes C. shirts D. shoes
10.
A. weather B. atmosphere C. tent D. villager
VIII. Read a text about common wedding rituals
in the USA and answer the questions that follow.
The rules of etiquette in American restaurants depend upon a number of
factors the physical location of the restaurant, e.g., rural or urban; the type
of restaurant, e.g., informal or formal; and certain standards that are more
universal. In other words, some standards of etiquette vary significantly while
other standards apply almost anywhere. Learning the proper etiquette in a
particular type of restaurant in a particular area may sometimes require
instruction, but more commonly it
simply requires sensitivity and experience. For example, while it is acceptable
to read a magazine in a coffee shop, it is inappropriate to do the same in a
more luxurious setting. And, if you are eating in a very rustic setting it may be fine to tuck your napkin into your
shirt, but if you are in a sophisticated urban restaurant this behavior would
demonstrate a lack of manners.
It is safe to say, however,
that in virtually every restaurant it is unacceptable to indiscriminately throw
your food on the floor. The conclusion we can most likely draw from the above
is that while the types and locations of restaurants determine etiquette
appropriate to them, some rules apply to all restaurants.
Question 1: With what topic is this passage primarily concerned?
A. Instruction in proper etiquette B.
Rules of etiquette
C.
Variable and universal standards of etiquette D. The
importance of good manners
Question 2: Which of the following words is most similar to the meaning of "rustic"?
A. Ancient B.
Urban C. Unsophisticated D. Agricultural
Question 3: The author uses the phrase "safe
to say" in order to demonstrate that the idea is ____.
A. somewhat innocent B. quite certain C.
very clever D. possible
Question 4: What does the word "it"
in bold and underlined refer to?
A. Knowing the type of restaurant B. Clear
instruction
C.
Learning the proper etiquette D.
Sensitivity
Question 5: According to the passage, which of the following is a universal rule
of etiquette?
A. Eating in rustic settings B.
Tucking a napkin in your shirt
C. Reading a magazine at a coffee shop D. Not throwing food on
the floor
Question 6: The word “manners”
in bold could best be replaced by which of the following?
A.
Tact B.
Ceremony C. Experience D. Character
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