PASSAGE 1: THE POWER OF THE BIG SCREEN

QUESTIONS 1-5: WHICH PARAGRAPH CONTAINS THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION?

1. THE LOCATION OF THE FIRST CINEMA

Keywords: location, first cinema

In  paragraph  A,  the  writer  refers  to  a  cinema  called  “Cinematographe”  together  with  its  location:  “at  14 Boulevard  des  Capucines  in  Paris”  as  well  as  its  early  time  of  formation  which  is  “on  December  8, 1895”

=>ANSWER: A

2.HOW CINEMA CAME TO FOCUS ON STORIES

Keywords: how, stories

In paragraph I, it is stated  that “…it (refers to cinema) became, overwhelmingly, a medium for telling stories.”

=>ANSWER: I

3.THE SPEED WITH WHICH CINEMA HAS CHANGED

Keywords: speed, changed

The  change  taking place in  the  cinema  is  clearly the  main  idea  of  paragraph J:   “And  it  has  all  happened  so quickly…it is a mere 100 years since……”

=>ANSWER:  J

4.HOW CINEMA TEACHES US ABOUT OTHER CULTURES.

Keywords: teaches, cultures

In paragraph E, the writer says that: “One effect of this realism was to  educate the world about itself…….Long before people travelled to America or anywhere else, they knew what  other places look like; they knew how other people worked and lived…”

+ to teach = to educate

How other places look like, how other people worked and lived ~ other cultures

=>ANSWER: E

5.THE ATTRACTION OF ACTORS IN FILMS

Keywords: attraction, actors

The actor who holds attraction for audiences, or “star”, is mentioned in paragraph G: ” The  „star‟ was another natural consequence of cinema….Film personalities have such an immediate presence that, inevitably, they become super-real”.

+ actors~stars~film personalities

=>ANSWER: G

QUESTIONS 6-9:  YES/NO/NOT GIVEN

6.IT IS IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND HOW THE FIRST AUDIENCE REACTED TO THE CINEMA.

Keywords: first audience, understand, reacted.

In paragraph B, the writer says that “…But it is worth trying, for to understand the initial shock of those images is to understand the extraordinary power and magic of cinema…”

“The  initial  shock  of  those  images”  refers  to  “how  the  first  audience  reacted  to  the  cinema”.  So  the  given statement agrees with the view of the writer.

+ important = worth trying

+first = initial

=>ANSWER: YES

7.THE LUMIERE BROTHERS‟ FILM ABOUT THE TRAIN WAS ONE OF THE GREATEST FILMS EVER MADE

Keywords: Lumiere Brothers‟ film, train, greatest films

Scan the keyword in capitals “Lumiere Brothers” then find it in paragraph C: “One of the  Lumiere Brothers‟ earliest films was a 30 second piece which showed a section of a railway platform flooded with sunshine.

A  train  appears  …. Yet  the  Russian  director  Andrei  Tarkovsky,  one  of  the  greatest  of  all  film  artists described the film as a „work of genius‟.” The writer only says the director Andrei Tarkovsky is one of the greatest of all film artists. Only the opinion of this director is mentioned, so we are not told if this film was one of the greatest films ever made.

=>ANSWER: NOT GIVEN

8.CINEMA PRESENTS A BIASED VIEW OF OTHER COUNTRIES

Keywords: a biased view, other countries

All the information about the cinema‟s presentation of other countries is in paragraph E. Because of the influence of the American film industry: “American imagery – the cars, the cities, the cowboys – became the primary imagery of film.  Film carried American life and values around the globe.”  Thus, we are only told that most cinema audiences watched images of American life.  We do not know if the cinema presents a biased view of other countries.

=>ANSWER: NOT GIVEN

9.STORYLINES WERE IMPORTANT IN VERY EARLY CINEMA

Keywords: storylines, early cinema

In  paragraph  H,  the  writer  mentions  that:  “All  that  mattered  at  first  was  the  wonder  of  movement.”    So movement, not storyline, was important in very early cinema.

+ in very early cinema = at first

+ important ~  mattered

=>ANSWER: NO

QUESTIONS 10-13: MULTIPLE CHOICES

10.THE WRITER REFERS TO THE FILM OF THE TRAIN IN ORDER TO DEMONSTRATE

Keywords: film of the train

In paragraph C, the film of the train, “one of the Lumiere Brothers‟  earliest films”, is described: “As the train approached, panic started in the theatre: people jumped and ran away…….they feared that a real train was about to crush them.” So the writer refers to the film of the train in order to demonstrate the impact of early films.

=>ANSWER:  B

11.IN TARKOVSKY‟S OPINION, THE ATTRACTION OF THE CINEMA IS THAT IT

Keywords: Tarkovsky, attraction of cinema

In paragraph D: “For Tarkovsky, the key to that magic was the way in which cinema created a dynamic image of the real flow of events….. in cinema, the real, objective flow of time was captured.”

+ attraction = magic

It means the attraction of the cinema is that it illustrates the passing of time.

=>ANSWER:   Answer: C

12.WHEN CINEMA FIRST BEGAN, PEOPLE THOUGHT THAT

Keywords: cinema first began

In paragraph H, the writer says that: “When the Lumiere Brothers and other pioneers began showing off this new invention, it was by no means obvious how it would be used. Indeed, some said that……cinema would fade away.” So when cinema first began, people thought that its future was uncertain.

=>ANSWER: D

13.WHAT IS THE BEST TITLE FOR THIS PASSAGE

The whole passage presents the introduction, development and impact of the cinema and only  mentions in one or two paragraphs other topics such as stars, the comparison between cinema and novels, or the domination of Hollywood.  So the best choice for its title is “The power of the big screen”.

=>ANSWER: D

CAMBRIDGE IELTS 6 – TEST 3 – PASSAGE 1 KEYWORDS TABLE

PASSAGE 2: MOTIVATING EMPLOYEES UNDER ADVERSE CONDITIONS

QUESTIONS 14-18:  MATCHING HEADINGS

14.KEY POINT TWO

This key point suggests an effective way of meeting the challenge to management : “The literature on goal-setting theory suggests that managers should ensure that all employees have specific goals and receive comments on how well they are doing in those goals.” So the main idea of this key point is: „establish targets and give feedback‟.

+ establish  targets= setting goals

+ feedback = comments

=>ANSWER: vii

15.KEY POINT THREE

This key point shows that managers must ensure targets are realistic: “…..goals are achievable…managers must be sure…..that employees feel confident that their efforts can lead to performance goals.”

+ achievable = realistic ~ their efforts can lead to performance goals

+ to be sure ~ to ensure

=>ANSWER: iii

16.KEY POINT FOUR

The  main  idea  of  this  key  point  is  about  matching  rewards  to  individuals:  “managers  could  use  their  own knowledge of each employee to personalise the rewards over which they have control.”

+ each employee = individuals

+ personalise the rewards = match rewards to individuals

=>ANSWER:  ii

17.KEY POINT FIVE

In the topic sentence of this paragraph, the writer points out that: “Managers need to make rewards contingent on performance.”  This means that managers must link rewards to  achievement.

+ achievement = performance

=>ANSWER: iv

18.KEY POINT SIX

Continuing to talk about rewards, the writer states: “The way rewards are distributed should be transparent ….” then suggests a method of weighing inputs and outcomes according to employee group to make this key point feasible. So the correct heading of this key point is “ensure the reward system is fair.”

+ transparent ~ fair, so that everyone can understand clearly

=>ANSWER: i

QUESTIONS 19-24:   YES/NO/NOT GIVEN

19.A SHRINKING ORGANIZATION TENDS TO LOSE ITS LESS SKILLED EMPLOYEES RATHER THAN ITS MORE SKILLED EMPLOYEES.

Keywords: shrinking organization, skilled employees

In  the  first  paragraph,  the  writer  says  that:  “When  an  organization  is  shrinking,  the  best  and  most  mobile workers are prone to leave voluntarily. …they are the ones….with the highest skills and experience.” So the given statement is opposite to the writer‟s view.  The more skilled employees are the most likely to leave.

=>ANSWER:  NO

20.IT IS EASIER TO MANAGE A SMALL BUSINESS THAN A LARGE BUSINESS.

Keywords: small business, large business.

Small and large businesses are mentioned in Key Point One: “For example, if the job is running a small business or an autonomous unit within a larger business…..”, but there is no information about whether it is easier to manage a small business rather than a large business.   Instead, the paragraph deals only with matching people to jobs.

=>ANSWER: NOT GIVEN

21.HIGH ACHIEVERS ARE WELL SUITED TO TEAM WORK.

Keywords: High achievers, team work.

In the paragraph of Key Point One, the writer says: ” …high achievers will do best   … where there is independence …” So, high achievers are well suited to work independently, not to team work.

=>ANSWER: NO

22.SOME EMPLOYEES CAN FEEL MANIPULATED WHEN ASKED TO PARTICIPATE IN GOAL-SETTING.

Keywords: manipulated, participate in goal-setting

Look at the paragraph of Key Point Two, in which it is said that:  “If participation (in goal-setting) and the culture are incongruous, employees are likely to perceive the participation process as manipulative …” So, this means that some employees can feel manipulated when asked to participate in goal-setting.

=>ANSWER: YES

23.THE STAFF APPRAISAL PROCESS SHOULD BE DESIGNED BY EMPLOYEES.

Keywords: staff appraisal process

“The staff appraisal process” is only mentioned in the paragraph of Key Point Three: “For managers, this means that employees must have the capability of doing the job and must regard the appraisal process as valid.” However, the writer does not say anything about whether this process should be designed by employees or not.

+ staff = employees

=>ANSWER: NOT GIVEN

24.EMPLOYEES‟ EARNINGS SHOULD BE DISCLOSED TO EVERYONE WITHIN THE ORGANIZATION.

Keywords: earnings, disclosed

In the paragraph of Key Point Five, the writer suggests that: “Eliminating the secrecy surrounding pay by openly communicating  everyone‟s  remuneration,  publicising  performance  bonuses  ….will  make  rewards more visible …….” So, the statement agrees with the view of the writer.

+ earnings = pay, remuneration

+ disclose = eliminate the secrecy, openly communicate, publicise

=>ANSWER: YES

QUESTIONS 25-27: MATCH EACH GROUP WITH THE CORRECT DESCRIPTION.

25.HIGH ACHIEVERS

In Key Point Two, the writer states that:  “For those with high achievement needs… the existence of goals is less important because high achievers are already internally motivated.” So high achievers have less need of external goals, because they have high internal motivation.

=>ANSWER: B

26.CLERICAL WORKERS

In  Key  Point  Six,  the  writer  points  out:  “The  clerical  workers  considered  factors  such  as  quality  of  work performed and job knowledge near the top of their list”  (the list of inputs and outcomes placed in degree of importance). So they think that the quality of their work is important.

=>ANSWER: C

27.PRODUCTION WORKERS

In Key Point Six, the writer also states that: “…production workers rated advancement very highly…” It means that they judge promotion to be important.

+ promotion = advancement

=>ANSWER: A

CAMBRIDGE IELTS 6 – TEST 3 – PASSAGE 2 KEYWORDS TABLE

PASSAGE 3: THE SEARCH FOR THE ANTI-AGING PILL

QUESTIONS 28-32:   YES/NO/NOT GIVEN

28.STUDIES SHOW DRUGS AVAILABLE TODAY CAN DELAY THE PROCESS OF GROWING OLD.

Keywords: drugs available today

In the first sentence of the passage, the writer states: “As researchers on aging noted recently, no treatment on the market today has been proved to slow human aging…”. It is similar to the given statement.

+drugs available ~ treatment on the market

+ delay = slow

+ the process of growing old= human aging

=>ANSWER: NO

29.THERE IS SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE THAT EATING FEWER CALORIES MAY EXTEND HUMAN LIFE.

Keywords: scientific evidence, eating fewer calories

In  the  first  paragraph,  it  is  reported  that:  “But  one  intervention,  consumption  of  a  low-calorie  yet  nutritionally balanced diet, works incredibly well in a broad range of animals, increasing longevity and prolonging good health.” Furthermore,  in  paragraphs  4,  5  and  6,  the  writer  describes  scientists‟  experiments  studying  the  benefits  of  a caloric-restricted diet for rats and monkeys. So, there is scientific evidence that eating fewer calories may extend human life.

+ extend human life = increasing longevity

=>ANSWER: YES

30.NOT MANY PEOPLE ARE LIKELY TO FIND A CALORIC-RESTRICTED DIET ATTRACTIVE.

Keywords: a caloric-restricted diet, attractive

It is stated in the second paragraph: “Few mortals could stick to that  harsh a regimen….”, which means few people would like such a harsh caloric-restricted diet. So, the given statement is similar to the writer‟s view.

+ people = mortals

+ diet = regimen

=>ANSWER: YES

31.DIET-RELATED DISEASES ARE COMMON IN OLDER PEOPLE.

Keywords: Diet-related diseases , older people.

Age-related    diseases    are    mentioned    in    the    second    paragraph:    ”    Could    such    a    caloric-restriction mimetic….enable  people  to  stay  healthy  longer,  postponing  age-related  disorders  (such  as  diabetes, arteriosclerosis) …..”   However, the writer does not say anything about diet-related diseases in old age.

+ disease =disorder

=>ANSWER: NOT GIVEN

32.IN EXPERIMENTS, RATS WHO ATE WHAT THEY WANTED LED SHORTER LIVES THAN RATS ON A LOW-CALORIE DIET.

Keywords: experiments, rats, low-calorie diet

The experiment on rats is reported in the third and fourth paragraphs: “…they found that rats fed a low-calorie diet lived longer on average than free-feeding rats…” So, rats who ate what they wanted led shorter lives than rats on a low-calorie diet. rats who ate what they wanted = free-feeding rats

=>ANSWER: YES

QUESTIONS 33-37:  CLASSIFY THE FOLLOWING DESCRIPTIONS AS RELATING TO:

1. Caloric-restricted monkeys
2. Control monkeys
3. Neither caloric-restricted monkeys nor control monkeys

The  comparison  between  caloric-restricted  monkeys  and  control  ones  (ones  that  eat  normally)  is  reported  in paragraphs 5 and 6. The caloric-restricted monkeys: “have lower body temperature and levels of the pancreatic hormone insulin”; “have lower blood pressure and triglyceride levels (signifying a decreased likelihood of heart disease)….;”have more normal blood glucose levels (pointing to a reduced risk for diabetes)” and “have less chronic disease”.

33.MONKEYS WERE LESS LIKELY TO BECOME DIABETIC

=>ANSWER: A

34.MONKEYS EXPERIENCED MORE CHRONIC DISEASE.

=>ANSWER: B

35.MONKEYS HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO EXPERIENCE A LONGER THAN AVERAGE LIFE SPAN

In  the  sixth paragraph, the writer  says:  “They (refers to  caloric-restricted monkeys)  and the other monkeys must be followed still longer, however, to know whether low-calorie intake can increase both average and maximum lifespan in monkeys.” It means that we do not yet know whether caloric-restricted monkeys experience a longer than average life span than the control monkeys.

=>ANSWER: C

36.MONKEYS ENJOYED A REDUCED CHANCE OF HEART DISEASE.

=>ANSWER: A

37.MONKEYS PRODUCED GREATER QUANTITIES OF INSULIN.

=>ANSWER: B

QUESTIONS 38-40: CHOOSE NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS FROM THE PASSAGE TO COMPLETE THE FLOW-CHART:

How a caloric- restriction mimetic works

CR mimetic

Less 38……is produced

Productions of ATP is decreased

Theory 1:                                          Theory 2:

Cells  less  damaged  by  disease  because  fewer Cel ls focus on 40…..because food is in short supply 39……are emitted

38.IN THE LAST PARAGRAPH, THE WRITER SAYS THAT: “.CALORIC RESTRICTION MINIMIZES THE AMOUNT OF GLUCOSE ENTERING CELLS…..”  THIS MEANS THAT LESS GLUCOSE IS PRODUCED THAN NORMAL.

=>ANSWER: glucose

39.ACCORDING TO THE LAST PARAGRAPH, THERE ARE TWO “EXPLANATIONS FOR WHY INTERRUPTION OF GLUCOSE PROCESSING AND ATP PRODUCTION MIGHT RETARD AGING.”

In which, “one possibility relates to the ATP-making machinery‟s emission of free radicals ….Reduced operation of the machinery should limit their production and thereby constrain the damage.”The words “their production” refers to “the ATP-making machinery‟s emission of free radicals”. So, the damage is constrained because of limited emission of free radicals, or fewer free radicals are emitted.

+ emission~production

=>ANSWER: free radicals

40.IT IS ALSO STATED IN THE LAST PARAGRAPH THAT: “ANOTHER HYPOTHESIS SUGGESTS THAT DECREASE PROCESSING OF GLUCOSE COULD INDICATE TO CELLS THAT FOOD IS SCARCE AND INDUCE THEM TO SHIFT INTO AN ANTI-AGING MODE THAT EMPHASIZES PRESERVATION OF THE ORGANISM…”

+ in short supply = scarce

+ focus on = emphasize

=>ANSWER: preservation