Unit 10. ECOTOURISM

Part I. PHONETICS

Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

1. A. culture                B. public                      C. sustain                    D. butterfly

2. A. pollution             B. coral                        C. problem                  D. ecology

3. A. discount             B. observe                   C. safari                       D. scuba-diving

4. A. relax                   B. departure                C. benefit                    D. interest

5. A. nature                 B. manage                   C. balance                   D. campfire

Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.

6. A. suggest               B. involve                    C. travel                      D. sustain

7. A. natural                B. safari                       C. interest                    D. benefit

8. A. butterfly             B. departure                C. tradition                  D. protection

9. A. environment       B. ecology                   C. sustainable              D. beneficial

10. A. ecotourism        B. relaxation                C. preservation            D. disappointed

Part II. VOCABULARY

Exercise 3. Mark the letter A. B. C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

11. You can see different kinds of rare animals in this park.

            A. priceless                  B. half-cooked                        C. unlimited                D. limited

12. If you book tickets early, you can get a discount.

            A. award                     B. prize                        C. deduction               D. bonus

13. A sustainable forest is a forest where trees that are cut are replanted and the wildlife is protected.

            A. pre-tested               B. preserved                C. reserved                  D. protested

14. When you take part in an eco tour, you learn more about the cultural traditions of the local people and the natural habitat of some rare animals.

            A. participate              B. conduct                  C. enjoy                       D. depart

15. Cuting down trees or hunting wild animals may upset the ecological balance of an area.

A. strengthen              B. motivate                 C. comfort                   D. disturb

16. Mass tourism may cause numerous problems.

A. bring in                   B. bring up                  C. bring about                         D. bring away

17. I am very much interested in learning more about ecotourism and its benefits.

A. problems                 B. advantages             C. dangers                   D. issues

18. Ecotourism means travel to areas of natural or ecological interest to observe wildlife and learn about the environment.

A. look at                    B. look up                   C. look into                 D. look down

19. Mass tourism has contributed to the destruction of the environment.

A. organization           B. structure                 C. construction            D. devastation

20. A lot of waste from hotels and vehicles is also discharged into the water and air.

A. discussed                B. collected                 C. released                  D. treated

21. Tourists enjoy the beauty of wildlife without harming it.

A. fostering                 B. damaging                C. protecting               D. preserving

22. To entertain tourists, we have to change our usual foods to suit their tastes or adapt dances and traditions to suit their needs.

A. satisfy                     B. enjoy                       C. attract                     D. persuade

23. Ecotourism can be beneficial to local people.

A. bad                                     B. good                       C. different                 D. meaningless

24. To build hotels, people destroy forests.

A. re-plant                   B. grow                       C. wipe out                 D. protect

25. Ecotourism helps tourists learn how to protect the environment.

A. damage                   B. change                    C. adapt                      D. save

 26. Some farmers in the Mekong Delta have attracted hundreds of foreign visitors to their ecological gardens.

A. appealed to             B. refused                   C. rejected                   D. turned down

27. Our country's natural and cultural potential for ecotourism is well known.

A. possibility for failure                      B. possibility for victory

C. possibility for loss                          D. possibility for achievement

28. Eco tours in our country involve mainly travel to natural places.

A. primarily                 B. basically                  C. initially                   D. roughly

29. Their activities are not based on the ecotourism principles.

A. principals                B. rules                        C. criteria                    D. points

30. If tourists throw rubbish or break tree branches, they are heavily fined.

A. advanced                B. compensated          C. penalized in money            D. awarded in money

31. Some tourist areas have suffered from some environmental damage.

A. covered                  B. finished                  C. taken                       D. undergone

32. Ecotourism activities have had some negative impacts on the environment and people in the area.

A. influences               B. factors                    C. criteria                    D. stimuli

33. The worst impact is the massive loss of land.

A. minimal                  B. tiny                         C. heavy                      D. acceptable

34. Ecotourism needs to recruit better educated people, so it won't provide more jobs for the local people.

A. reduce                    B. offer                       C. wipe out                 D. add

35. If tourists leave litter after the picnic, they may cause pollution.

A. drop                        B. depart                     C. escape                     D. disappear

36. Making a campfire requires cutting down trees for firewood.

A. demands                 B. fosters                     C. encourages              D. prevents

37. Campfires may cause forest fires if they are unattended.

A. focused                  B. neglected                C. looked after            D. watched

38. Hunting animals may lead to their extinction.

A. reduction                B. imprisonment          C. death                      D. survival

39. Ecotourism is booming and tour operators say this helps nature.

A. decreasing              B. declining                 C. falling                     D. flourishing

40. Ecotourism is making animals bolder and become less cautious about other animals.

A. careful                    B. careless                   C. reckless                   D. foolish

41. If animals become less careful about other animals, they are at risk of being attacked by their natural predators.

A. helped                    B. harmed                   C. protected                D. saved

42. Ecotourism is a unique way for travellers to engage in sustainable tourism while vacationing.

A. disconnect              B. promise to marry                C. join             D. catch

Exercise 4. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

43. The United Nations has declared the celebration of the International Day of Ecotourism, to promote sustainable practices in this growing industry.

A. favour                     B. raise                        C. boost                       D. delay

44. In order for ecotourism to be categorized as successful, it must involve local populations in the program.

A. exclude                   B. comprise                 C. engage                    D. relate

43. Venice has suggested imposing a tax on all visitors to help pay for restoration of the ancient buildings.

A. introducing             B. removing                C. levying                    D. lessening

46. There are 1.6 billion tourists roaming the world, and the impact of tourism can be devastating.

A. disastrous               B. nondestructive        C. ruinous                    D. devastative

47. "Green" tourists or "eco-tourists" are upset by the effects of mass tourism.

A. tense                       B. troubled                  C. nervous                   D. relaxed

48. How many people can visit the Galapagos Islands off the coast of Ecuador without affecting the ecological balance?

A. keeping intact         B. influencing             C. troubling                 D. causing disturbance

49. It may become necessary for the United Nations to work out international agreements and strict environmental controls on the tourist industry.

A. tight                        B. loose                       C. exact                       D. accurate

50. Researchers believe tourists disrupt animals in their natural habitat.

A. disturb                    B. confuse                   C. organize                  D. mix up

Part III. GRAMMAR

Exercise 5. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

51. If businesses want to protect the environment, they will aid the local community and educating travellers.

                        A                                 B                              C                                                            D

52. Nowadays, many of us tried to live in a way that will damage the environment as little as possible.

                                     A          B                                                       C                                D

53. Ecotourism must benefits the local people and involve the local community.

                                      A                   B                     C                      D

54. Ecotourism must be sustainable, that is make a profit without destroy natural resources.

                             A                                 B                                   C                          D

55. Ecotourism must provide an experiences that tourists want to pay for.

                  A                                       B                        C                    D

56. In a true ecotourism project, a nature reserve allows a small number of tourists to visiting its rare animals

                                                                        A                                                                                 B

 

and uses the money that is generated to continue with important.

                                                C                                 D

57. The local people have jobs in the nature reserve as guides and wardens and also has a voice in how the

                        A                                                                     B                            C                                D

project develops.

58. Tourists stay in local houses with local people, not in special built hotels.

              A                                              B                                 C             D

59. Tourists experience the local culture and do not take precious energy and water away from the locally

                 A                                B                                         C                                                           D

population.

60. Tourists travel by foot, by boat, bicycle or elephant so that there is no pollution.

                            A                 B                                          C            D

61. Ecotourism brings tourists a specially experience that they will remember all of their lives.

                A                                            B                                          C                     D

62. This type of tourism can only involve small number of people so it can be expensive.

                   A                               B                            C                                          D

63. Tourists can apply to the principles of ecotourism wherever they go for their holiday.

                             A                            B                                             C                     D

64. Tourists should learn about the place that they going to visit.

            A            B                              C                            D

65. Have respect for local culture by wearing clothes that will not offend local people and ask them for

                        A                                                         B                                                         C

permission before you take a photograph.

                                                D

66. Remember the phrase "Leave nothing behind you except footprints and taking nothing away except

                        A                                       B                                                   C                                 D

photographs”.

Exercise 6. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

67. If you buy souvenirs made from endangered animals or plants, you ____ contribute to making them become extinct.

A. would                     B. might                      C. could                      D. are

68. You ____ help the local people if you buy local products whenever possible and pay a fair price for what you buy.

            A. could                      B. would                     C. wouldn’t                 D. will

69. If you want to help, remember ____ or use other non-polluting forms of transport whenever you can.

A. to walk                   B. walk                        C. walking                   D. walked

70. Eco-tourists should be flexible and keep a sense of humour when ____ things wrong.

A. went                       B. goes                        C. go                           D. going

71. Don't be afraid ____ the holiday company about what they do that is 'eco'.

A. about asking           B. to asking                 C. asking                     D. to ask

72. “Eco" is very fashionable today and a lot of holidays that ____ as ecotourism are not much better than traditional tourism.

A. advertise                 B. are advertised         C. are advertising        D. advertising

73. The damage to local communities, customs and crafts that results ____ the arrival of huge groups of tourists.

A. to                            B. from                        C. in                            D. for

74. The travel industry should work with local councils and government agencies to agree ____ realistic standards for planning and development in tourist areas.

A. upon                       B. with                                    C. at                            D. for

75. It may become necessary for the United Nations to work ____ international agreements and strict environmental controls on the tourist industry.

A. against                    B. on                           C. with                                   D. out

76. Ecotourism is defined as responsible travel ____ natural areas that conserves the environment and sustains the well-being of local people.

A. about                      B. in                            C. to                            D. for

77. Ecotourism is a booming business ____ many tour operators cite as being helpful to nature.

A. who                        B. that                                     C. whose                     D. where

78. Every year, millions of people descend ____ protected and pristine natural areas to observe rare species.

A. on                           B. at                            C. in                            D. to

79. A number of reports have cast doubt ____ the value of ecotourism.

A. with                        B. about                      C. in                            D. on

80. It's hard to deny that humanity has played a pretty big role in changing nature ____ the worse.

A. with                        B. to                            C. for                           D. at

81. There will be some unforeseen consequences to the environment if we ____ ecotourism projects properly.

A. didn't manage        B. don't manage          C. couldn't manage     D. wouldn't manage

82. If tourists win the trust of animals, they ____ put wild creatures in danger by encouraging them to relax with their natural predators.

A. will                         B. would                     C. could                      D. had

83. Ecotourism may become popular as people look for ways to get really close ____ exotic wildlife while keeping a clear conscience.

A. at                            B. in                            C. to                            D. with

84. Gorillas and penguins are among the species most susceptible ____ ecotourism because they have a strong tendency to relax in the presence of humans.

A. to                            B. in                            C. by                           D. with

85. As animals ____ to feeling comfortable with humans, they may become bolder.

A. will get used           B. get used                  C. got used                  D. could get used

86. Professor Blumstein says that ecotourism is similar ____ domesticating or urbanizing the animals.

A. with                        B. as                            C. to                            D. like

87. Animals' regular interactions with people may lead ____ a kind of taming.

A. up                           B. in                            C. for                           D. to

88. Domesticated animals are less responsive ____ stimulated predatory attacks.

A. to                            B. with                        C. on                           D. at

89. Animals will take more time to flee from danger if they ____ in cities and are bolder.

A. will                         B. live                          C. would live              D. could live

90. Ecotourism in distant and remote spots around the planet is getting more popular ____ tourists and tour guides.

A. to                            B. on                           C. with                                    D. between

Part IV. SPEAKING

Exercise 7. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges.

Two friends Nam and Lan are talking about the topic of ecotourism.

91. Nam: "How important is tourism to our country?"

      Lan: “____”

A. More and more companies are advertising about ecotourism.

B. It really helps to create more jobs for a lot of people.

C. Tourism is also an industry.

D. It is hard to develop without learning about tourism.

92. Lan: "Would you like to work in tourism?"

      Nam: “____”

A. The number of tourists to our country is increasing.

B. Everyone wants to be employed.

C. It's always been my dream to work as a tour guide.

D. Being a tour guide, you can lead an interesting life.

93. Nam: "What do you think tourism will be like in the future?"

      Lan: “____”

A. I guess there will be various forms of tourism.

B. I've always interested in tourism industry.

C. It's not easy to find a job in tourism these days.

D. More females than males work in tourism industry.

94. Lan: "What do you think of the idea of space tourism?"

      Nam: “____”

A. I'm thinking about ecotourism benefits.

B. Space exploration has brought numerous changes.

C. Rich people tend to spend more money on travelling.

D. It might be a profitable industry in the future.

95. Nam: "Do you think ecotourism is a good idea?”

      Lan: “____”

A. Certainly. A lot of people may benefit from this kind of tourism.

B. Ecotourism is getting more and more popular.

C. Ecotourism is a hot topic these days.

D. Business people need a good idea to start up.

96. Nam: “Do you think tourism helps people in the world understand each other?"

      Lan: “____”

A. It is important for people in the world to understand each other.

B. Wars may end when people understand each other.

C. People need sympathy to understand each other.

D. Definitely. Tourism helps people to get to know more about different cultures.

97. Nam: "Is tourism something that only rich people can take part in?"

    Lan: "____”

A. Rich people tend to spend luxurious holidays.

B. Not really. So many cheap holidays are being offered these days.

C. Cheap holidays give you a chance to travel to more places.

D. Places of attractions are always full of visitors.

98. Nam: "What factors affect tourism?"

      Lan: “____”

A. Economic factors are always decisive ones.

B. A strong tourism industry brings the country numerous advantages.

C. It is influenced by so many things, such as weather, people, and administrative policies.

D. People need to be professionally trained to work in tourism industry.

99. Nam: "Do you think tourism is bad for the planet?"

      Lan: “____”

A. To some extent, yes, especially when tourists travel by plane.

B. People need to live in a green planet.

C. A lot of people want to travel around the planet.

D. We should protect our planet from bad tourism.

100. Nam: “What do you think about tourists in our country?"

        Lan: “____”

A. There are tourists coming from other countries as well.

B. Our country is a favourite destination for many tourists.

C. The numbers of visitors to our country is increasing.

D. Well, most of them behave appropriately, but some are still very rude.

101. Lan: “How has tourism changed over the past few decades?”

        Nam: “____”

A. Tourism is also considered as an industry.

B. In general, people without skills are at risk of being unemployed.

C. There have been new types of tourism, and tourists have become more responsible.

D. Ecotourism is not always beneficial to the local people.

102. Lan: “Are you a good ambassador for our country's tourism industry?"

       Nam: “____”

A. Tourism industry really needs good ambassadors.

B. I hope so. I've always tried to get more people to know about tourist destinations in our country.

C. A number of people have been chosen as tourism ambassadors.

D. Tourism ambassadors really need to be good at communication skills.

103. Lan: "Which places in our country do visitors enjoy visiting the most?”.

        Nam: “____”

A. It depends. Foreign visitors often like places such as Sa Pa or Ha Long Bay.

B. Our country is famous for many tourist attractions and friendly people.

C. Not all visitors are well-informed about places of attraction.

D. Tourism industry needs to work harder to boost the tourist destinations.

104. Nam: "What are some of the benefits of going away on holiday?”

        Lan: “____”

A. Going away on holiday is getting more and more popular.

B. Ecotourism brings a number of benefits to the local people.

C. It is always expensive if people go to a place of tourist attractions.

D. We may broaden our horizons and experience new cultures.

105. Lan: "Do you always like to go to the same place for your holiday?”

        Nam: “____”

A. It is strange that some people go to the same place again and again.

B. I don't think so. I always like to experience different places.

C. Preference for certain places is still common among a number of tourists.

D. Different places have different attractions.

Part V. READING

Exercise 8. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Ecotourism is booming and many tour operators say this is helpful to nature. Every year, millions of people visit protected (106) ____ areas to observe rare species. However, a new report casts doubt (107) ____ this form of tourism. The report, (108) ____ in the journal "Trends in Ecology and Evolution", suggests that ecotourism damages more than (109) ____ nature. Researchers believe tourists disrupt animals in their natural (110) ____. They point to a recent (111) ____ in Costa Rica where turtles had problems laying their eggs because of the many tourists who had gathered (112) ____  the beach to watch them.

The report says that ecotourism is (113) ____ animals bolder. A human presence makes animals tamer and less (114) ____ about other animals. This could put them at (115) ____ of being attacked by their natural predators, so more of them will be killed. The report says that when animals interact with humans, "they may let (116) ____ their guard”. The report also says it is essential, “to develop a more comprehensive understanding of how different species in different situations (117) ____ to human visitation, and under what precise conditions human exposure might put them at risk".

106. A. nature                         B. natural                    C. naturally                 D. naturism

107. A. about              B. for                           C. with                                    D. on

108. A. publicized       B. publicizing              C. published                D. publishing

109. A. helps               B. help                         C. helpful                    D. helpless

110. A. habitable         B. habitation               C. habit                       D. habitat

111. A. even                B. event                       C. eventful                  D. eventual

112. A. over                B. in                            C. on                           D. to

113. A. making           B. changing                 C. adapting                 D. altering

114. A. cautiously       B. cautiousness           C. caution                    D. cautious

115. A. chance            B. risk                          C. work                       D. once

116. A. up                   B. in                            C. down                      D. on

117. A. respond          B. response                  C. responsive               D. respondent

Exercise 9. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Tourism will always have an impact on the places visited. Sometimes the impact is good, but often it is negative. For example, if lots of people visit one place, then this can damage the environment. The question is - how can we minimize the problems without preventing people from travelling and visiting places?

The main aim of ecotourism is to reduce the negative impact that tourism has on the environment and local people. The idea is to encourage tourists to think about what they do when they visit a place.

It's great to talk about protecting the environment, but how do you actually do this? There are a number of key points. Tourists shouldn't drop litter, they should stay on the paths, they shouldn't interfere with wildlife and they should respect local customs and traditions.

Some people see ecotourism as a contradiction. They say that any tourism needs infrastructure - roads, airports and hotels. The more tourists that visit a place, the more of these are needed and, by building more of these, you can't avoid damaging the environment.

But, of course, things aren't so black and white. Living in a place of natural beauty doesn't mean that you shouldn't benefit from things like better roads. As long as the improvements benefit the local people and not just the tourists, and the local communities are consulted on plans and changes, then is there really a problem?

In 2002 the United Nations celebrated the "International Year of Ecotourism". Over the past twenty years, more and more people have started taking eco-holidays. In countries such as Ecuador, Nepal, Costa Rica and Kenya, ecotourism represents a significant proportion of the tourist industry.

118. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. A brief introduction about ecotourism                  B. Some Dos for ecotourists

C. Some Don'ts for ecotourists                                   D. Benefits and drawbacks of ecotoursim

119. In paragraph 1, the word "it" refers to ____.

A. tourism                   B. environment                       C. impact                     D. damage

120. According to the passage, what does the ecotourism aim at?

A. stopping ecotourism altogether                  B. reducing the tourism problems

C. preventing tourists from travelling             D. finding a new form of tourism

121. According to the passage, which of the following is not mentioned as an activity to protect the environment?

A. not littering                                                B. not interfering with wildlife          

C. respecting local customs and traditions     D. not hunting animals for food

122. In paragraph 4, the word "avoid" is closest in meaning to ____.

A. present                    B. pretend                   C. prevent                   D. protest

123. Which of the following is TRUE about the author's opinion?

A. Building extra infrastructure in ecotourism areas must be prohibited.

B. New infrastructure could be accepted as long as it also helps local people.

C. Tourists are consulted about the plans to build new infrastructure.

D. Governments are consulted about the plans to build new infrastructure,

Exercise 10. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Ecotourism is a unique way for travellers to engage in sustainable tourism while vacationing. Throughout the years, specific "Eco" organizations, including Eco-resorts, wurs, and Non-Governmental Organizations, have developed across the globe. This specific type of tourism is now increasingly becoming one of the more popular, with growth rates increasing every year. The United Nations, aware of the fact that tourism could be one of the most detrimental activities if not planned in accordance with the threshold imposed by nature, has declared the celebration of the International Day of Ecotourism, to promote sustainable practices in this growing industry.

Recently, The Division for Sustainable Development, Small Island Developing States Unit, decided that in preparation for the International Day of Ecotourism, it would be beneficial to identify successful practices of ecotourism on small islands. In order for ecotourism to be categorized as successful, it must meet the following criteria: it must combine natural and cultural tourism; it must involve local populations in the program, including providing educational resources to the local community; it must identity, manage, and conserve the natural and cultural environment, as well as the resources on the island; it must generate practices that will lead to the future sustainability of the island. If these criteria are followed by an organization, it deserves to be recognized as successful.

In order to locate these certain organizations, the SIDS Unit started a thoughtful internet search for ecotourism organizations. The focus was on four different categories: Eco-resorts and hotels, Eco-tours, Non-Governmental Organizations involved in ecotourism, and Government Codes of Conduct and Guidelines regarding ecotourism for travellers. Once an Internet-site that filled the criteria was located, further contact with the organizations was initiated, enabling us to obtain further information directly from the source. Many of the organizations were delighted to correspond with us and are eager to show all that their organization has achieved.

The stories presented come from across the globe and vary in success levels. While all of the organizations engage in practicing ecotourism, some focus in different areas than others. This is due to a various number of reasons, including the size of an organization, length of time the organization has been in existence, amount of funding available, and economic/political situations occurring on the island. However, it is important to recognize that although some ecotourism organizations are more developed than others, the ultimate goal of sustainable development, conservation and education through ecotourism remains consistent.

124. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Ecotourism and its related issues               B. Sustainable development

C. Environment pollution and its causes        D. Job opportunities for local people

125. In paragraph 1, the word "detrimental" is closest in meaning to ____.

A. constructive            B. destructive             C. supportive               D. beneficial

126. Why has the United Nations declared the celebration of the International Day of Ecotourism?

A. to raise people's awareness about ecotourism

B. to encourage more people to experience ecotourism

C. to boost sustainable practices in ecotourism

D. to stop ecotourism services completely

127. In paragraph 2, the word "categorized" is closest in meaning to ____.

A. prioritized               B. typified                   C. examined                D. classified

128. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT metioned as a criterion for successful ecotourism?

A. combination of natural and cultural tourism

B. local populations' involvement in the program

C. conservation of the natural and cultural environment

D. improvement in the infrastructure for more tourist attraction

129. In paragraph 3, the word “their” refers to ____.

A. organisations'         B. travellers'                C. hotels'                     D. guidelines'

130. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason for the differences in organizations' focuses?

A. How big the organization is.

B. How long the organization has been in existence

C. How much money is available to the organization.

D. How much the organization is supported.

Part VI. WRITING

Exercise 11. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

131. Eco-travellers have to prevent or minimize any negative impacts on the environment.

A. Eco-travellers are not required to protect the environment.

B. Eco-travellers are encouraged not to have any negative impacts on the environment.

C. It is eco-travellers' responsibility to prevent or minimize any negative impacts on the environment.

D. Eco-travellers have never had any negative impacts on the environment.

132. Our aim is to provide tourists with the principles of ecotourism throughout their trip.

A. Tourists provide us with the principles of ecotourism throughout their trip.

B. We aim at providing the principles of ecotourism for tourists throughout their trip.

C. We provide ourselves with the principles of ecotourism through our trip.

D. We need more information about the principles of ecotourism for our trip.

133. You should choose your travel provider on the basis of their eco principles and practices before you go.

A. You are advised to choose your travel provider on the basis of their eco principles and practices before your departure.

B. You are obliged to choose your travel provider on the basis of their eco principles and practices before your departure.

C. You are required to choose your travel provider on the basis of their eco principles and practices before your departure.

D. You have to choose your travel provider on the basis of their eco principles and practices before your departure.

134. It is necessary for you to educate yourself about the destination you are visiting by reading guidebooks and travel articles.

A. You don't have to educate yourself about the destination you are visiting by reading guidebooks and travel articles.

B. You aren't required to educate yourself about the destination you are visiting by reading guidebooks and travel articles.

C. You should educate yourself about the destination you are visiting by reading guidebooks and travel articles.

D. You may object to educating yourself about the destination you are visiting by reading guidebooks and travel articles.

135. It is compulsory for the tourists to learn about the vital eco-systems before arriving.

A. Tourists are free to learn about the vital eco-systems before arriving.

B. It is optional for tourists to learn about the vital eco-systems before arriving.

C. Tourists are not required to learn about the vital eco-systems before arriving.

D. Tourists are required to learn about the vital eco-systems before arriving.

Exercise 12. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

136. You can't remove any products from the nature. It is illegal.

A. You can't remove any products from the nature, so it is illegal.

B. Because you can't remove any products from the nature, it is illegal.

C. You can't remove any products from the nature because it is illegal.

D. You can't remove any products from the nature unless it is illegal.

137. You should try to limit the use of natural resources. They are running out in many tourist destinations.

A. You should try to limit the use of natural resources unless they are running out in many tourist destinations.

B. Because you try to limit the use of natural resources, they are running out in many tourist destinations.

C. You should try to limit the use of natural resources, so they are running out in many tourist destinations.

D. Natural resources are running out in many tourist destinations, so you should try to limit their use.

138. We don't allow the local people to hunt endangered species for our consumption. They will become extinct sooner.

A. We don't allow the local people to hunt endangered species for our consumption, so they will become extinct sooner.

B. If we allowed the local people to hunt endangered species for our consumption, they would become extinct sooner.

C. We don't allow the local people to hunt endangered species for our consumption unless they will become extinct sooner.

D. They will become extinct sooner if we don't allow the local people to hunt endangered species for our consumption.

139. You stay in locally owned accommodation and buy products from local people. You will support local community.

A. You will support local community if you stay in locally owned accommodation and buy products from local people.

B. You will support local community unless you stay in locally owned accommodation and buy products from local people.

C. You stay in locally owned accommodation and buy products from local people because you will support local community.

D. You stay in locally owned accommodation and buy products from local people only if you will support local community.

140. Living areas are damaged or destroyed. They might not be available to future generations.

A. Living areas are damaged or destroyed because they might not be available to future generations.

B. Living areas are damaged or destroyed, but they might be available to future destroyed.

C. Living areas might not be available to future generations if they are damaged or destroyed.

D. Living areas might not be available to future generations unless they are damaged or destroyed.