PART
2: PRACTICE
A.
PHONETICS
I.
Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. accident B. jazz C. stamps D. watch
2. A. this B. thick C. maths D.
thin
3. A gas B. gain C. germ D. goods
4. A. bought B. nought C. plough D. thought
5. A. spear B. gear C. fear D. pear
II.
Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
1. A. remember B. influence C.
expression D. convenient
2. A. medium B.
computer C. formation D. connection
3. A. national B. cultural C. popular D. musician
4. A. successful B. humorous C.
arrangement D. attractive
5. A. construction B. typical C.
glorious D.
purposeful
B.
VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
I.
Choose the correct words in the box to complete the sentences.
widely related master inequality
movement accomplished pioneer increasingly
1. Hughes is one of the most ___ accomplished ____ writers in American
20 literary history?
2. Albert Einstein was essentially
all ___ related __ to science
meanwhile Leonardo Da Vinci was a
__
master __ at art, architecture, invention, and several other areas.
3. Han Mac Tu was part of the new poetic
_____ movement _____ in Vietnam at
the beginning of the 20th century.
4. Han Mac Tu is considered a ____ pioneer ____ of romantic poetry in
Vietnam.
5. During his time at University,
Nelson Mandela became ___ increasingly
____ aware of the racial
___ inequality _____ and injustice faced by non-white people.
6. Steve Jobs is ____ widely ____ recognized as a pioneer in
the field of microcomputer revolution.
II.
Give the correct form of the words in the following sentences.
1. He was the most ____talented_____ football player that our
school had produced in years His talent for football was great. TALENT
2. Do you know Professor Phan Huy Le
whose great ____achievement_____ was
his books on the history of Vietnam in the 19th century?
ACHIEVE
3. He wishes to straighten up and
lead a _____respectable____ life.
RESPECT
4. His career as a journalist was
full of _______distinguished______
achievements. He was a respected and admired journalist. DISTINGUISH
5. To be successful takes hard work
and _____dedication______. DEDICATE
6. Doing things with ______generosity______ will give us true
happiness. The more we give away, the happier we are. GENEROUS
7. Tran Hung Dao was a
great _____strategist_____ to
lure the enemy to enter deeply into his land, then attacked to destroy them.
STRATEGY
8. Mother Teresa was a living saint
who offered a great example and _____inspiration_____
to the world. INSPIRE
9. Zuckerberg was forced to shut his
website down, but its immense _____popularity_____
and controversy had made him consider its future potential. POPULAR
10. As the principal founder of
Microsoft, Bill Gates is one of the most ____influential____ and richest people on the planet. INFLUENCE
11. If Presley was considered a ____controversial____ and a rebellious
figure, it just made him more popular with young listeners. CONTROVERSY
12. Stephen William Hawking got more
____recognition____ for his research
and discoveries through his print and TV interviews. RECOGNINZE
III.
Indicate the correct answer to complete each of the following questions.
1. At his first school, Mark
Zuckerberg ____ in all subjects and worked hard throughout his classes.
A. interested B. excelled C.
engrossed D. involved
2. His incredible performance during
high school ____ him admission to Harvard University.
A. earned B. attained C.
resorted D. applied
3. Mother Teresa suffered various
health problems, but nothing could ____ her from fulfilling her mission of
serving the poor and needy.
A. persuade B.
warn C. appoint D. dissuade
4. In 1979, Mother Teresa was awarded
the Nobel Peace Prize for work undertaken in the ____ to overcome poverty
and distress.
A. battle B. struggle C. movement D. proposal
5. At the age of 18, Mother Teresa
was ____ permission to join a group of nuns in Ireland.
A. required B.
sought C. obtained D. given
6. Nelson Mandela was awarded the
Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 for his work in helping to end racial ____ in
South Africa
A. integration B. segregation C. achievement D. exploitation
7. Princess Diana fought for her
children on any level so they could reach their full ____ as human beings
and in their public duties.
A. requirement B.
condition C. capacity D. potential
8. Meeting my favorite celebrity at
the airport was certainly a ____ of luck that wouldn't have happened if I'd
arrived five minutes later.
A. number B.
piece C. stroke D. name
9. Steve Jobs might hardly imagine
that only a year later the company ____ impressive victory with Apple II, one
of the first highly successful ____ personal computer.
A. attain / massly-produced B. see / mass-produced
C. taste
/ massive produced D.
achieve / mass-producing
10. Ms. May, 59 years old, is the
country's longest-serving home secretary in half a century, with a ____ for
seriousness, hard work and above all, determination.
A. fame B. reputation C. achievement D. maintenance
11. Theresa May is one of a growing
number of women in traditionally ____ British politics rising to the upper
position of leadership.
A. male-dominated B. man-domination C.
male-dominating D. man-dominatedly
12. Marilyn Monroe is widely ____ as
one of most influential figures in American culture.
A. classified B.
depicted C. admired D. regarded
13. May's sports hero was Geoffrey
Boycott, a solid, stubborn cricketer who ____ in playing the long game.
A. qualified B. specialized C. engrossed D. indulged
14. Like many other Britain's prime
ministers, May ____ a place at Oxford.
A. admitted B.
permitted C. won D. constituted
15. She has been quite critical ____
the media focusing on her fashion instead of her achievement as a politician.
A. with B.
for C. of D. in
16. Marilyn Monroe was ____ for
Golden Globe Best Actress Award for Bus Stop (1956).
A. offered B. nominated C. awarded D. rewarded
17. Marilyn Monroe ____ to a heavy
drug use, which had a damaging impact ____ both
her mental and physical health.
A.
resorted - on B.
abused - in C.
overexploited - to D.
related - for
18. Their family were wealthy but
they encouraged their children to work hard and take nothing ____.
A. for sure B.
for good C. for granted D. for charge
19. When Bill Gates saw an
opportunity to found his own company, he dropped ____ Harvard without finishing
his course.
A. into B. by C. around D. out of
20. Despite the pervasive press
intrusions into her private life, Princess Diana remained very popular
because people could identify ____ her.
A. in B.
for C. with D. as
21. Elvis was ____ shy and as a
youngster was not keen on performing in public.
A.
relatively B.
respectively C. virtually D. almost
22. As a teenager, he was
uninterested in school - but became ____ in music, listening to a
huge ____ of contemporary American music.
A. bored - amount B. reluctant - diversity C.
reckless - type D. absorbed - range
23. Elvis Presley was ____ for the
idea that rock 'n' roll music was having a negative effect on American
teenagers.
A. accused B.
convicted C. criticized D. charged
24. If Presley was considered a
controversial and a rebellious ____, it just made him more popular with
young listeners.
A. creator B. figure C. character D. celebration
25. Darwin was ____ a place on the
HMS Beagle to act as a natural scientist on a voyage to the coast of South
America.
A. won B.
gained C. offered D. admitted
26. Influenced by the work of
Malthus, Darwin came ____ a theory of natural selection and gradual
evolution over time.
A. off B.
into C.
out D. up with
27. In the struggle for survival, the
fittest win out at the ____ of their rivals because they succeed in adapting
themselves best ____ their environment
A.
expense - to B. cost - for C. expenditure - of D. stake - to
28. Van Gogh played a ____ role in
the development of modern art.
A. worthless B.
valueless C. key D. minor
29. Van Gogh was ____ to a lunatic
asylum where he would spend time on and off until his death in 1890.
A. related B.
referred C. adapted D. committed
30. Oprah Winfrey has played a key
role in modern American life, shaping cultural ____ and promoting various
liberal causes.
A. values B. trends C. potentials D. prosperity
IV.
Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of
the following questions.
1. His early death only cemented his
legendary status, and Elvis Presley has become deeply ingrained in popular culture.
A. engrossed B.
indulged C. deep-rooted D. supreme
2. A distinctive feature of Trump's business and real estate
ventures has been the prominent use of his own name.
A.
characteristic B.
general C. common D. superficial
3. Mother Teresa was a Roman Catholic
nun who devoted her life to
serving the poor and destitute around the world.
A. committed B. dedicated C. committed D. attended
4. Marilyn Monroe has become an
iconic representative of fame
and female beauty.
A. figure
B. image C. typical D. idol
5. Marilyn Monroe was an epitome of sensuality, beauty
and effervescence and was naturally photogenic.
A. frame B.
indicator C. instructor
D. figure
6. Despite the media often being
dismissive of Monroe's potential, her efforts to improve acting paid off.
A. failed B.
broke down C. managed D. met with success
7. Margaret Thatcher was known for
her tough uncompromising
conservative political views, and became dubbed as ‘The Iron Lady’.
A. reserved B. inflexible C. narrow-minded D. compatible
8. He is commonly referred to as the
"The King of Rock 'n' Roll" and epitomizes
the post-war pop generation
A. be
representative of B.
leads C. elaborates D. expands on
9. Leonardo da Vinci created rare masterpieces of art such as The
Mona Lisa' and ‘The Last Supper’.
A. worthless works of art B.
invaluable property
C. excellent qualifications D. excellent works of art
10. Da Vinci studied all aspects of
life and his far-reaching
investigations and discoveries sought to show an underlying unity of the
universe.
A. insignificant B.
finite C. extensive D. excessive
V.
Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of
the following questions.
1. Da Vinci from an early age began
to display his remarkable
academic and artistic talents.
A. striking B.
extraordinary C. run-of-the-mill D. exceptional
2. Joachim Lafosse confirms his exceptional talent with
"Free Student", a film that is more conventional in its form.
A. out of the ordinary B. abnormal C. usual D. odd
3. Van Gogh became one of the most celebrated artists of the
twentieth century.
A. admired B.
honored C. acclaimed D. obscure
4. Michael stood out for his exceptional enthusiasm and soft,
infectious musical voice.
A. attract attention B. be inconspicuous C. be conspicuous D. stick out a mile
5. In recent years, Madonna has
continued to tour, release albums and engage
in humanitarian work.
A. throw oneself into B. become uninvolved in C. have a hand in D. take part in
6. Henry VIII was equally notorious for his six marriages
and several scandalous love affairs.
A.
anonymous B. infamous C. celebrated D. ill-famed
7. The works Da Vinci did finish were
often spectacular
masterpieces, such as his paintings The Last Supper and The Mona Lisa.
A. magnificent B.
out of this world C. unimpressive D. remarkable
8. The death of Diana princess had a profound impact on the British
public and those in other countries.
A. far-reaching B. superficial C. deep-seated D. heartfelt
VI.
Put the verb in the past simple tense or the past continuous.
1. When I (arrive) _____arrived______ at this house, he still
(sleep) ___was still sleeping____.
2. The light (go) ________went_____ out while we (have) _____were having___ dinner.
3. Bill (have) _____was having______ breakfast when I
(stop) ______stopped____ at this
house this morning.
4. She (wash) ____was washing____ up when Tam (arrive)
_____arrived_____ at this house.
5. As we (cross) _____were crossing______ the Street, we
(see) ______saw______ an accident.
6. Tom (see) _____saw______ a serious accident while he
(stand) _____was standing____ at the
bus stop.
7. The children (play) ____were playing_____ football when their
mother (come) _____came____ back
home.
8. The bell (ring) _____rang______ while Tom (take) ____was taking_____ a bath.
9. He (sit) _____was sitting_____ in a car when I (see) ____saw________ him.
10. We (clean) ___were cleaning____ the house when she
(come) _____came______ yesterday.
VII.
Add "A/ AN/ THE/ X" to each of the following sentences.
1. He made his first attempt to
engage in sporting activities four years ago with __the__ support of his family.
2. He was __the__ most talented football player that our school had produced in
years. His talent for ___x___
football was great.
3. He did __the__ Black Mountain hike with his friends, but had to check his
blood glucose levels every four hours.
4. Do you know Professor Phan Huy Le
whose great achievement was his books on ___ the ___ history of Viet Nam in ____ the ___ 19th century?
5. ___ the ___ following year, he took part in ___ the __ Melbourne Sunset run to raise funds for __ an ___ orphanage.
6. He wishes to straighten up and
lead ___a___ respectable life. He
would like to be socially acceptable due to his good behavior.
7. He had to brake hard to avoid
hitting ___ the ___ truck in front.
8. Doing things with generosity will
give us ____x____ true happiness.
____ the ___ more we give away, ___ the ___ happier we are.
9. His career as ___a___ journalist was full of
distinguished achievements. He was __a_
respected and admired journalist.
10. Five years ago, when Edward was
35 years old, he was diagnosed with ____x____
diabetes.
VIII.
Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.
1. She has read ____ interesting book.
A. a B. an C.
the D. X
2. You'll get ____ shock if you touch
____ live wire with that screwdriver.
A. an/ the B.
x/ the C. a/ a D. an/ the
3. Mr. Smith is ____ old customer and
____ honest man.
A. An/ the B.
the/ an C. an/ an D.
the/ the
4. I first met her four years ago
when we ____ at a middle school.
A. had been studying B.
are studying C. have been studying D. were studying
5. This school has an excellent ____
in the community.
A. image B. reputation C. name D. opinion
6. ____ youngest boy has just started
going to ____ school.
A. a/ x B.
x/ the C. an/ x D. the/ x
7. Do you go to ____ prison to visit
him?
A. the B. a C. x D. an
8. The boys broke a window when they
____ football.
A. played B. were playing C. half played D.
are playing
9. In spite of having a peasant ____,
Nguyen Hue had proved that he was really an excellent general, only gained
victories.
A. situation B.
experience C. condition D. background
10. As well as being a successful
actor, Clint Eastwood is a ____ film director.
A. talent B. talented C. distinguish D. respectful
11. I ____ about him when suddenly he
came in.
A. talk B.
talked C. am
talking D. was talking
12. At first, Microsoft had ____
hyphen in the name "Micro-soft", ____ combination of microcomputer
and ____ software.
A. a - the - a B. a - a - X C. the - the - X D. X - a - the
13. Le Loi used the ____ war, moving
from little to large scale.
A. mid-term B.
short-term C. long-term D. half term
14. Last night at this time, they
____ the same thing. She ____ and he ____ the newspaper.
A. are doing/ is cooking/ is reading B. were doing/ was
cooking/ was reading
C. was doing/ has cooked/ is reading D. had done/ was
cooking/ read
15. When Carol ____ last night, I
____ my favorite show on television.
A. was calling/ watched C. called/ was watching
B.
called/ have watched D.
had called/ watched
IX.
Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that needs correction.
1. The shortage of cooking gas
in North Korea raised prices: an example of how the law of supply
and demand also apply to planned economies.
A. The shortage of B.
raised C. an
example of D. apply
2. In the latter half of the
nineteenth century, physical techniques making it possible to
determine the chemical constitution of stars.
A. latter half B. making it C. to determine D. of stars
3. In 1997, molecular
biologist L. Mark Lagrimini of Ohio State University cloned the gene in that
codes for a type of peroxidase found in tobacco plants.
A. In B. in that C. a type of D. found
4. Alpine Sainte nards are too
good at following the scent of humans, even in snow, that they are used
by ski patrols as rescue dogs.
A. too B. following C.
used D. as
5. Booker T. Washington, head of the first
industrial school for African Americans, was as popular with
Southerners than he was with Northerners.
A. first industrial B.
was C. popular
with D. than he
X.
Indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges.
1. "How do you like your steak
done?" – “____.”
A. I don't like it B.
Very little C. Well done D. Very much
2. "Oops! I'm sorry for stepping
on your foot" – “____.”
A. Never
mind B. You don't mind C. You're welcome D.
That's fine
3. Anne: "Fancy a bite to
eat?" - Barbara: “____”
A. No thanks, I've just had some. B. No thanks, I've just
had something.
C. No thanks, I'm not neatly very thirsty. D. No thanks, I'm
trying to give up.
4. Receptionist: "Good
morning." - Chris: "Good morning. I've come to ____ Mrs.
Dabria."
A. see B. visit C. do business with D. hold a talk with
5. Arm and Mary are studying in their
classroom.
Ann: "Can I borrow your dictionary?" – Mary: “____”
A. I'm afraid I can't B. Here you are! C. I think so. D. It doesn't matter.
6. Jack and Joe are discussing how to
make salad for dinner.
Jack: “____” - Joe: “How about putting some grapes in it, instead?”
A. We could fry some onions with it too. B. I'd rather just have
some bread, thanks.
C. Let's
put some pieces of apple in the salad. D. Good idea! I'll go and make one.
7. - Would you mind lending me you bike?"
– “____.”
A. Yes. Here it is B. Not at all C. Great D. Yes, let's
8. Havy: "Thanks for your help,
Judy." - Judy: “____.”
A. With all my heart B.
Never remind me C. It's my pleasure D. Wish you
C.
READING
I.
Choose the word or phrase from the box that best fits the blank space in the
following passage.
milestones prolific like won funded
breakthroughs making revolutionary
Elon Musk is one
of the greatest and most (1) ___ prolific
____ modern inventors and is responsible for monumental advancements in
futuristic technology (2) ____ like ______
renewable energy and space travel. Many of his innovations seem to be right out
of a science-fiction movie, but throughout his career he has brought about huge
scientific (3) ___ breakthroughs ___.
After (4) ____ making ____ his first
fortune from the internet payment service 'PayPal', he invested $100 million in
his space travel company, 'SpaceX' and began building satellites, launch
vehicles and other spacecraft both for NASA and for his own company, creating
new (5) _____ milestones _____ with
his privately (6) _____ funded ____
spacecraft. Many of his
(7) ____ revolutionary ___ ideas and inventions focus on space travel,
renewable energy, commercial electric cars and other technologies, that look to
a future where fossil fuels and other resources may be in shorter supply. His
futuristic and visionary ideas have (8) ____
won _____ him both scientific and philanthropic recognition and awards.
II.
Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in
the following passage.
Gia Long was the
first emperor of the Nguyen dynasty as well as the (1) ____ father of the
modern nation of Vietnam. Born as Nguyen Phuc Anh, he was the nephew of the
last Nguyen lord who ruled over southern Vietnam. (2) ____ being born into a
royal family, he had to (3) ____ many difficulties in his early life as he
became the (4) ____ of rival groups who attempted to (5) ____ the Nguyen clan
completely. After the deaths of his father and uncle at the hands of the rival
leaders, Nguyen Phuc Anh fled to the southern coastal tip of Vietnam where (6)
____ he met a French priest, Pigneau de Behaine, who would (7) ____ become his
trusted adviser and play a major role in his (8) ____ to power. He escaped with
the help of the priest and later on sought aid from the French in his struggle
(9) ____ his rivals. (10) ____ the help of the French, and equipped with (11)
____ European armaments, he was (12) ____ in securing victories over his
rivals.
1. A. found B. founded C. founding D. founder
2. A. Because of B. In view of C. Despite of D. In spite of
3. A. encounter B.
face up C. manage D. get by
4. A. shield B. target C.
purpose D. destination
5. A. wipe off B. wipe out C.
kill up D. destroy
6. A. by chance B.
on occasion C. on purpose D. at stake
7. A. at last B. especially C.
specially D. eventually
8. A. raise B. arise C. rise D. rising
9. A. for B. against C.
off D. at
10. A. With B. Without C. But for D.
Thanks
11. A. advance B. advances C. advanced D. advancing
12. A. engaged B. involved C. successful D. attended
III.
Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.
William Sydney
Porter (1862-1910), who wrote under the pseudonym
of O. Henry, was born in North Carolina. His only formal education was to
attend his Aunt Lina's school until the age of fifteen, where he developed his
lifelong love of books. By 1881 he was a licensed pharmacist. However, within a
year, on the recommendation of a medical colleague of his Father's, Porter
moved to La Salle County in Texas for two years herding sheep. During this
time, Webster's Unabridged Dictionary was his constant companion, and Porter
gained a knowledge of ranch life that he later incorporated into many of his
short stories. He then moved to Austin for three years, and during this time
the first recorded use of his pseudonym appeared, allegedly derived from his
habit of calling "Oh, Henry' to a family cat. In 1887, Porter man Athol
Estes. He worked as a draftsman, then as a bank teller for the First National
Bank.
In 1894 Porter
founded his own humor weekly, the "Rolling Stone", a venture that
failed within a year, and later wrote a column for the Houston Daily Post. In
the meantime, the First National Bank was examined, and the subsequent
indictment of 1886 stated that Porter had embezzled funds. Porter then fled to
New Orleans, and later to Honduras, leaving his wife and child in Austin. He
returned in 1897 because of his wife's continued ill-health, however she died
six months later. Then, in 1898 Porter was found guilty and sentenced to five
years imprisonment in Ohio.
At the age of thirty five, he entered prison as a defeated man; he had lost his
job, his home, his wife, and finally his freedom. He emerged from prison three
years later, reborn as O. Henry, the pseudonym he now used to hide his true
identity. He wrote at least twelve stories in jail, and after re-gaining his
freedom, went to New York City, where he published more than 300 stories and
gained fame as America's favorite short Story writer. Porter married again in
1907, but after months of poor health, he died in New York City at the age of
forty-eight in 1910. O. Henry's stories have been translated all over the
world.
1. According to the passage, Porter's
Father was ____.
A. the person who gave him a life-long love of books
B. a
medical doctor
C. a licensed pharmacist
D. responsible for his move to La Salle County in
Texas
2. Why did the author write the
passage?
A. to
outline the career of a famous American
B. because of his fame as America's favorite short
story writer
C. because it is a tragic story of a gifted writer
D. to outline the influences on O. Henry's writing
3. The word "imprisonment" in paragraph
2 is closet in meaning to ____.
A.
captivity B.
escape C. insult D. punishment
4. What is the passage primarily
about?
A. The
life and career of William Sydney Porter B. The way to adopt a nickname.
C. O. Henry's influence on American literature. D. The adventures of O. Henry.
5. The author implies which of the
following is true?
A. Porter's wife might have lived longer if he had not
left her in Austin when he fled.
B. Porter was in poor health throughout his life.
C. O.
Henry is as popular in many other countries as he is in America
D. Porter would probably have written less stories if
he had not been in prison for three years.
6. Which of the following is true,
according to the passage?
A. Porter left school at 15 to become a pharmacist
B. Porter wrote a column for the Houston Daily Post
called "Rolling Stone".
C. The
first recorded use of his pseudonym was in Austin
D. Both of Porter's wives died before he died
7. The word "pseudonym" in the passage
refers to ____.
A. William Sydney Porter B.
O. Henry C. Athol Estes D. the Aunt Lina
IV.
Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.
A large number of
inventions require years of arduous
research and development before they are perfected. For instance, Thomas Edison
had to make more than 1,000 attempts to invent the incandescent light bulb
before he finally succeeded. History is replete with numerous other examples of
people trying, yet failing to make inventions before they eventually succeeded.
Yet some inventions have come about not through hard work but simply by
accident in most cases, when someone unintentionally invented something, the
inventor was attempting to create something else. For example, in the 1930s,
chemist Roy Plunkett was attempting to make a new substance that could be used
to refrigerate items. He mixed some chemicals together. Then, he put them into
a pressurized container and cooled the mixture. By the time his experiment was
complete, he had a new invention. It was not a new substance that could be used
for refrigeration though. Instead, he had invented Teflon, which is today most
commonly used to make nonstick pots and pans. Similarly, decades earlier, John
Pemberton was a pharmacist in Atlanta, Georgia. He was attempting to create a
tonic that people could use whenever they had headaches. While he was not
successful in that endeavor,
he managed to invent Coca-Cola, the world - famous carbonated soft drink.
Scientists have
also made crucial discoveries by accident when they were conducting
experiments. In 1928, Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin, an antibiotic in
this manner. He discovered some mold growing in a dish with some bacteria. He
noticed that the bacteria seemed to be avoiding the mold. When he investigated
further, he determined some of the many useful properties of penicillin, which
has saved millions of lives over the past few decades. Likewise, in 1946,
scientist Percy Spencer was conducting an experiment with microwaves. He had a
candy bar in his pocket, and he noticed that it suddenly melted. He
investigated and learned the reason why that had happened. Soon afterward, he
built a device that could utilize microwaves to heat food, the microwave oven.
1: Which title best summarizes the
main idea of the passage ____.
A. History's Most Important Inventions B. Accidental Inventions and Discoveries
C. How to Become a Great Inventor D. You Don't
Always Get What You Want
2: In paragraph 1, the word "arduous" is closest in
meaning to ____.
A. detailed B. tough C. specific D. constant
3: In paragraph 2, the word "endeavor" is closest in
meaning to ____.
A. research B.
dream C. request D. attempt
4: What does the author say about
Teflon?
A. People first used it as a refrigeration device.
B. It was created many years before Coca-Cola.
C. The man who made it was a pharmacist.
D. It is
used for kitchenware nowadays.
5: Who was John Pemberton?
A. The person who made Teflon B. The creator of Coca-Cola
C. The man who discovered penicillin D. The inventor of the
microwave
6: The author uses Alexander Fleming
as an example of ____.
A. one of the most famous inventors in history
B. a
person who made an accidental scientific discovery
C. someone who became a millionaire from his invention
D. a man who dedicated his life to medical science
7: What does the author imply about
penicillin?
A. Doctors seldom use it nowadays. B. Some people
are not affected by it.
C. It is
an invaluable medical supply. D.
Mold combines with bacteria to make it.
D.
WRITING
I.
Indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following
questions.
1. Only with careful environmental
planning can we protect the world in which we live.
A. Careful environmental planning protects the world
we live in.
B. Planning the environment carefully, we can protect
the world in which we live.
C. Protecting the world we live in, we plan the
environment carefully.
D. We can
protect the world we live in only with careful environmental planning.
2. You should take regular exercises
instead of sitting in front of the television all day.
A. Taking
regular exercises is better than sitting in front of the television all day.
B. Sitting in front of the television all day helps
you take regular exercises.
C. Sitting in front of the television all day and
taking exercises are advisable.
D. Don't take regular exercises, just sit in front of
the television all day.
3. Wouldn't it be better to let them
know about the alternations to the plan?
A. Why haven't they have been informed about the new
development?
B. Shouldn't they have been consulted before the
scheme was changed?
C. Don't
they think they should be informed about the changes in the plan?
D. We'd better ask them to change the plan, hadn't we?
4. Don't take any notice of all his
complaints about his health; there's nothing wrong with him.
A. You
can ignore all his talk of being ill; he's actually perfectly healthy.
B. Try to avoid the subject of his health as I am
tired of hearing all about his complaints.
C. Don't listen to him talking about his health; it's
his favorite subject.
D. If you let him, he would talk only about his
ill-health though actually he is quite healthy.
5. We had planned to walk right round
the lake, but the heavy rain made this impossible.
A. In spite of the heavy rain we managed to walk half
way round the lake as planned.
B. The heavy rain nearly prevented us from walking
right round the lake.
C. We would have walked right round the lake even if
it had rained heavily.
D. If it
hadn't rained so heavily, we would have walked right round the lake.
6. There won't be peace in the
conflict if both sides do not really desire it.
A. It is
only if both sides actually want the conflict to end peacefully that it will
happen.
B. As both sides in the conflict apparently desire
peace, it is likely that there will be peace soon.
C. The main problem in the conflict seems to be that
neither side really desires peace.
D. There has been a lot of fighting in the conflict
because both sides seem to want it that way.
7. The accident happened as a result
of the driver's not paying attention to the road.
A. If the driver would have paid attention to the
road, the accident hadn't happened.
B. Had the driver been paid attention to the road, the
accident wouldn't have happened.
C. If the
driver had been paying attention to the road, the accident wouldn't have
happened.
D. Had the accident not happened, the driver would not
have had to pay attention to the road.
8. "Shall I help you do the
dishes, Carlo?" said Robert.
A. Robert suggested helping Carlo with the dishes.
B. Robert suggested to help Carlo do the dishes.
C. Robert offered Carlo to help do the dishes.
D. Robert
offered to help Carlo do the dishes.
9. If I hadn't had so much work to do
I would have gone to the movies.
A.
Because I had to do so much work I couldn't go to the movies.
B. I would go to the movies when I had done so much
work.
C. A lot of work couldn't prevent me from going to the
movies.
D. I never go to the movies if I have work to do.
10. "Why don't you get your hair
cut, Gavin?" said Adam.
A. Adam advised Gavin to cut his hair.
B. Gavin was suggested to have a hair cut.
C. It was suggested that Adam get Gavin's haircut.
D. Adam
suggested that Gavin should have his hair cut.
II.
Indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of the following sentences.
1. He did not remember the meeting.
He went out for a coffee with his friends then.
A. Not remember the meeting, he went out for a coffee
with his friends.
B. Not to remember the meeting, he went out for a
coffee with his friends.
C. Not remembered the meeting, he went out for a
coffee with his friends.
D. Not
remembering the meeting, he went out for a coffee with his friends.
2. They left their home early. They
didn't want to miss the first train.
A. They left their home early so as to not miss the
first train.
B. They left their home early for fear that they
wouldn't miss the first train.
C. They
left their home early so as not to miss the first train.
D. They left their home early in order that not to
miss the first train.
3. The traffic is so heavy. It will
take us at least an hour to get there.
A. Unless the traffic is heavy, it will take us at
least an hour to get there.
B. As the
traffic is so heavy, it will take us at least an hour to get there.
C. The traffic was so heavy that it took us an hour to
get there.
D. We will spend more than an hour to get there to
avoid heavy traffic.
4. There was no poor performance.
Moreover, that of the Russian dancers was certainly the best.
A. The best performance was the one of the Russians
while some of the others were poor.
B. The Russian dancers were well-worth watching but
the others weren't.
C. All the dancers but the Russian performed poorly.
D. They
all danced well, but the Russian did the best.
5. I started training to be an
accountant six months ago. I've got more months to go and then I have to take
exams.
A. By the time I've taken my exam, I will have started
training to be an accountant for a year.
B. By the
time I take my exam, I will have been in training to be an accountant for a
year.
C. By the time I took my exam, I would have trained to
be an accountant for a year.
D. By the time I've taken my exam, I will be training
for a year.
6. Why did Danny decide to enter the
marathon? Danny's totally unfit.
A. Why did Danny decide to enter the marathon who's
totally unfit?
B. Why did Danny, whose totally unfit, decide to enter
the marathon?
C. Why did Danny decide to enter the marathon, who's
totally unfit?
D. Why
did Danny, who's totally unfit, decide to enter the marathon?
PART
3: TEST YOURSELF
I.
Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. candy B. sandy C. many D. handy
2. A. earning B. learning C. searching D. clearing
3. A. waited B. mended C. naked D. faced
4. A. given B. risen C. ridden D. whiten
5. A. cough B. tough C.
rough D. enough
II.
Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
1. A. designer B.
origin C. history D. quality
2. A. capital B.
construction C. announcement D. eventful
3. A. apartment B. tradition C. different D. expensive
4. A. monitor B. organize C.
following D. inviting
5. A. accurate B. discussion C.
sentiment D. industry
III.
Choose the correct words in the box to complete the sentences.
gained patriotism favourable
talented celebrated leadership
1. Her mother is always the first
reader of her books, and she creates the most ____ favourable ____ conditions for her daughter to work.
2. Nguyen Dinh Chieu was a Vietnamese
poet who was known for his ____
patriotism ____ and anti-colonial writings against the French
3. The work, Luc Van Tien, remains
one of the most ____ celebrated ____
works in Vietnamese literature.
4. He was the most ____ talented ____ football player that our
school had produced in years. His talent for football was great.
5. Nguyen Hue, with his genius ____ leadership ___, created a people's
army, no matter small or large.
6. Nguyen Binh Khiem ____ gained _____ a reputation as someone
who could foretell the future.
IV.
Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of
the following questions.
1. The impact of the assembly line
helped Ford become the dominant
firm in the motorcar industry.
A. most
influential B.
subservient C. best-selling
D. depressive
2. They all encouraged my creativity
and inspired me in many ways.
A. overlooked B. motivated C. rejected D. disappointed
3. She idolizes her artist mother, Ingrid, who is as strong and dangerous
as she is beautiful.
A. impresses B.
detests C. worships D. hates
4. Clara did not care how low the
Phineas fortune had fallen; no proper respectable
girl would allow herself to be a maid.
A. disreputable B.
unworthy C. paltry D. reputable
5. He was by nature a reserved man but not a cold one.
A. shy B. easygoing C. sociable D. lavish
6. She was brought up in a well-off family. She can't
understand the problems we are facing.
A. poor B.
broke C. wealthy D. kind
V.
Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of
the following questions.
1. P.G. Wodehouse's broadcasts
attracted the strongest criticism from countrymen who felt it appeared he was indifferent to the war.
A.
attentive B.
regardless C. unresponsive
D. apathetic
2. Although many criticized his
seemingly over-generous pay.
Henry Ford also pointed out that the high wage helped the workers to be able to
afford the cars.
A. lavish B.
open-handed C. big-hearted D. mean
3. Annie ran Tobin's Café on the Quay
for some 30 years where she was known to be a very generous and charitable lady.
A. free-handed B.
generous C.
non-profit-making D. penny-pinching
4. Rich, worldly and sophisticated, he could have
been the ideal husband for Gwendolyn but feels compelled to crush her
independent spirit and mold her into his perfect wife.
A. elegant B. naive C. knowledgeable D. worldly-wise
5. There has been insufficient rainfall over the
past two years, and fanners are having trouble.
A. abundant B. adequate C. unsatisfactory D. dominant
6. We strongly believe that he's innocent of the crime. We do not
think that he did it
A. crimeless B.
skillful C. clean D. guilty
7. The situation seems to be changing
minute by minute.
A. from time to time B.
time after time C. again and
again D. very slowly
8. Jose had a hard time comparing the
iPhone to the Samsung phone because to him they were apples and oranges.
A. containing too many technical details B. very similar
C. completely different D. very complicated
VI.
Indicate the correct answer to complete each of the following questions.
1. Hawking was honored with many ____
awards like the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society.
A. exceptional B.
imperative C.
indispensible D. prestigious
2. Her range of media enterprises has
made Oprah one of the richest ____ women.
A. ready-made B. self-made C. tailor-made D. independent-made
3. When I ____ home last night, I
____ that Jane ____ a beautiful candle light dinner.
A. had arrived/discovered/preparing B. was
arriving/has discovered/was preparing
C. have arrived/was discovering/had prepared D. arrived/discovered/was preparing
4. Tran Hung Dao was a great ____ to
lure the enemy to enter deeply into his land, then attacked to destroy them.
A. strategy B. strategist C. soldier D. king
5. ____ Emperor Quang Trung was ____
second emperor of ____ Tay Son Dynasty, reigning from 1788 to 1792.
A. The - a - the B.
X - a - the C. X - the - the D. X – the - X
6. While I ____ TV last night, a
mouse ran across the floor.
A. watch B.
watched C. was watching D. am watching
7. When it began to rain, they ____
in the yard.
A. played B.
had played C. were playing D. have played
8. Liz and Laura is going shopping
together.
Liz: "Look! This sweater is beautiful." -
Laura:"____?"
A. Why not trying it on B. Why not trying on it
C. Why
not try it on D.
Why not try on it
9. Anna is seeing Bill off at the
airport.
Anna: “____” - Bill: "I will."
A. I'll miss you much. B. Give my best wishes to your parents.
C. Have a nice trip! D.
Wish you a happy journey.
10. When I woke up this morning, it
____.
A. rained B. was raining C. has rained D. is raining
11. Her ____ to medicine was so great
that she had little time for anything else.
A. importance B. dedication C. emphasis D. reputation
12. Bill Gates was ____ middle child
of William H. Gates II, ____ prominent Seattle Lawyer, and Mary Gates, who
worked as teacher before she had children.
A. the /
a / a B. a / a / a C. the / the / a D. the / the / the
13. While Tom ____ tennis,
Ann ____ a shower.
A. played / took B.
playing / taking C. was playing / was taking D. was play / was take
14. When they ____ in the garden, the
phone ____.
A. worked / was ringing B. were
working / rang C. worked /
rang D. work / rings
15. Oprah Winfrey has been an
important role model for black American women, breaking down many
invisible ____.
A. trends B.
gaps C. obstacles D. barriers
16. It was on Oprah that Armstrong
finally made a dramatic ____ that he had used performance-enhancing drugs
during his cycling career.
A. encouragement B. confession C. receipt D. acceptance
17. In 2004, Barack Obama was elected
to the US Senate where he ____ a reputation as one of rising stars in the
Democrat Party.
A. acquired B.
refrained C. gained D. highlighted
18. Michael Porter has ____ as the
strategic adviser to many successful U.S. companies and other
international companies.
A. served
B. employed C. described D. appointed
19. Gia Long had to ____ many
difficulties in his early life, as he became the target of rival groups
attempting to wipe out the Nguyen clan completely
A. deal B.
cope C. encounter D. surpass
20. A year into his presidency,
Barack Obama was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize (2009) ____ his promise to
promote world peace.
A. about B. for C. with D. on
21. George VI ____ royal duties such
as representing his father at coalmines, factories, and rail yards.
A. paid off B.
got over C. gave in D. took up
22. Nelson Mandela is one of the most
____ political leaders of the Twentieth and Twenty-First Century.
A. admired B. perfect C.
talent D.
skilled
23. Emergency crews are ____ progress
in fixing the broken levees, but they are in a desperate race to stop the
flooding.
A. making B. doing C.
getting D. becoming
24. The dream of a successful
Scotland is capable of ____.
A. effort B. achievement C. performance D.
realization
25. If necessary, part of the
responsibility is ____ by the internal security troops.
A. taken on B. taken over C. taken in D. taken up
26. She is a ____ example of what
people with disabilities can achieve.
A. shining
B. brightening C. glamorous D.
gloomy
27. He is a captain who leads ____.
A. by instance B.
by mirror C. by example D. by sample
28. Japan is often quoted as the
prime ____ of a modern industrial nation.
A.
example B. performer C. instructor D. pioneer
29. Some argue that the intellectual
life of Bulgarians in the nineteenth century was ____ influenced by Russian
culture.
A. superficially B.
mightily C. terribly D. strongly
30. Peter is an artist himself and
has some of his own very interesting ____ on sale in the shop.
A. create B.
creators C. creations D. creativity
31. We must continually evaluate the
____ of each change on the product as a whole.
A. performing B.
possibility C. impact D. affect
32. A couple who gave their 50th
blood ____ were presented with awards to mark their achievement.
A. deficiency B.
adequacy C. plenty D. donation
VII.
Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that needs correction.
1. Only after Theodore Roosevelt
became president did conservation developed into a major environmental
issue in the United States
A. Only after B. developed C. into D. environmental
2. Contemporary poet James
Merrill writes autobiographical verse that building on remembrances
of his childhood.
A. Contemporary B.
writes C. building on D. his
3. Together Rogers and
Hammerstein wrote nine musicals, the first of whose was
Oklahoma (1943).
A. Together B.
musicals C. first D. whose
4. Benjamin Franklin was the
editor of the largest newspaper in the colonies, a diplomatic
representative to France and later to England, and he invented many
useful devices
A. was B.
the largest C. he invented D. many
5. Albert Einstein was such
brilliant a scientist that many of his colleagues had to study
for several years in order to form opinions about his theories.
A. such
brilliant a scientist B.
many of his colleagues
C. study D.
about
VIII.
Choose the word or phrase from the box that best fits the blank space in the
following passage.
earned took based regard
examples saw rest by
Jack Ma is one of
the world's greatest living (1) ___
examples _____ of entrepreneurship today. Once a poor lad who survived (2)
___by_____ guiding tourists, Ma left
no stone unturned to rise above his humble condition and achieve success. One
of the first steps he (3) ___took____
in this (4) ____ regard ____ was to
improve his communication skills by learning English. Jack was one of the first
few individuals who (5) ____saw____
Internet as a business opportunity even at a time when the (6) ____rest__ of the world didn't believe in
his thoughts. After starting his first venture using a mere $20000, the
entrepreneur (7) __ earned ____
around $800,000 in a matter of just three years. However, it is the e-commerce
(8) ____ based ____ venture,
'Alibaba', which he founded in the early 2000s that catapulted this
entrepreneur to global fame.
IX.
Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank Spare the
following passage.
Donald John Trump
is the 45th President of the United States, in office since January 20, 2017.
(1) ____
to being a politician, he is a
successful business magnate and television personality as well. The son of a
wealthy real estate developer, Trump attended the Wharton School of the
University of Pennsylvania before taking (2) ____ of his family's business. He
owned several beauty (3) ____ and ventured into (4) ____ television as well.
Expanding the (5) ____ of his ambitions, he entered national politics in the
early 2000s and (6) ____ his eyes on the presidential office. As a politician,
his career was marred by allegations of sexual (7) ____ and he also earned much
(8) ____ for his extravagant lifestyle and (9) ____ comments on immigrants from
Islamic nations. (10) ____ the controversies surrounding him, Trump (11) ____
for the 2016 presidential election as a Republican and (12) ____ Democratic
candidate Hillary Clinton in a surprise victory. Donald Trump is the first
person to assume presidency without prior military or government service and at
70, he is also the oldest one to assume the office.
1. A. In addition B.
In contrast C. Apart D. Other
2. A. steps B. charge C.
measures D. advantages
3. A. pageants B.
competitions C. tests D. examinations
4. A. realistic B. true C. actual D. reality
5. A. scale B. scope C. horizons D. amount
6. A. put B. set C.
lay D. lain
7. A. abuse B. prejudices C. misconduct D. mistakes
8. A. criticism B.
accusation C. blame D. conviction
9. A. burning B. confusing C.
respectful D. controversial
10. A. Thanks to B. Other than C. Despite D.
With
11. A. went B. applied C. ran D. struggled
12. A. won B. defeated C.
suggested D. appointed
X.
Read the passage and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.
Joyce Carol Oates
published her first collection of short stories, By The North Gate, in 1963, two years after she had received her
master's degree from the University of Wisconsin and become an instructor of
English at the University of Detroit. Her productivity since then has been
prodigious, accumulating in less than two decades to nearly thirty titles,
including novels, collections of short stories and verse, play and literary
criticism. In the meantime, she has continued to teach, moving in 1967 from the
University of Detroit to the University of Windsor, in Ontario, and, in 1978,
to Princeton University Reviewers have admired her enormous energy, but find a
productivity of such magnitude difficult to assess.
In a period
characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by
authors such as John Barth, Donald Barthelme, and Thomas Pynchon, Joyce Carol
Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence on the
essentially mimetic quality other fiction. Hers is a world of violence,
insanity, Fractured love, and hopeless loneliness. Although some of it appears
to come from her own direct observations, her dreams, and her fears, much more
is clearly from the experiences of others. Her first novel With Shuddering Fall (1964), dealt with stock car racing, though
she had never seen a race. In Them (1969) she focused on Detroit from the
Depression through the riots of 1967, drawing much of her material from the
deep impression made on her by the problems of one of her students. Whatever
the source and however shocking the events or the motivations, however, her fictive world remains strikingly
akin to that real one reflected in the daily newspapers, the television news
and talk shows, and popular magazines of our day.
1. What is the main purpose of the
passage?
A. To review Oates' By the North Gate B. To compare some modern writers
C. To
outline Oates career D.
To describe Oates' childhood
2. Which of the following does the
passage indicate about Joyce Carol Oates' first publication?
A. It was not successful B. It was a volume of short fiction
C. It was part of her master's thesis. D. It was about an English
instructor in Detroit
3. Which of the following does the
passage suggest about Joyce Carol Oates in terms of her writing career?
A. Most of her work is based on personal experience.
B. Her style is imitative of other contemporary
authors.
C. She has
produced a surprising amount of fictions in a relative short time.
D. She has experienced long nonproductive periods in
her writing.
4. The word "fictive" in the passage is
closest in meaning to ____.
A.
imaginary B.
attractive C. helpful D. impressive
5. What was the subject of Joyce
Carol Oates' first novel?
A. Loneliness B. Racing C. Teaching D. Insanity
6. Why does the author mention Oates'
book Them?
A. It is her best piece of nonfiction
B. It is an autobiography
C. It is a typical novel of the 1960's.
D. It is
a fictional work based on another person's experiences.
7. Which of the following would Joyce
Carol Oates be most likely to write?
A. A romance novel set in the nineteenth century B. A story with an unhappy ending
C. A dialogue for a talk show D. A science fiction novel
XI.
Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.
Any list of the
greatest thinkers in history contains the name of the brilliant physicist
Albert Einstein. His theories of relativity led to entirely new ways of
thinking about time, space, matter, energy and gravity. Einstein's work led to
such scientific advances as the control of atomic energy, even television as a
practical application of Einstein's work.
In 1902 Einstein
became an examiner in the Swiss patent office at Bern. In 1905, at age 26, he
published the first of five major research papers. The first one provided a
theory explaining Brownian movement, the zig-zag motion of microscopic
particles in suspension. The second paper laid the foundation for the photon,
or quantum, theory of light. In it he proposed that light is composed of
separate packets of energy, called quanta or photons, that have some of the
properties of particles and some of the properties of waves. A third paper
contained the "special theory of relativity" which showed that time
and motion are relative to the observer, if the speed of light is constant and
the natural laws are the same everywhere in the universe. The fourth paper was
a mathematical addition to the special theory of relativity. Here Einstein
presented his famous formula, E = m(cc), known as the energy mass equivalence.
In 1916, Einstein published his general theory of relativity. In it he proposed
that gravity is not a force, but a curve in the space-time continuum, created
by the presence of mass.
Einstein spoke out
frequently against nationalism, the exalting
of one nation above all others. He opposed war and violence and supported
Zionism, the movement to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine. When the
Nazis came to power in 1933, they denounced his ideas. He then moved to the
United States. In 1939 Einstein learned that two German chemists had split the
uranium atom. Einstein wrote to President Franklind. Roosevelt warning him that
this scientific knowledge could lead to Germany developing an atomic bomb. He
suggested the United States begin its own atomic bomb research.
1. According to the passage I,
Einstein's primary work was in the area of ____.
A. chemistry B.
biology C. physics D. math
2. Which of the following inventions
is mentioned in the passage as a practical application of Einstein's
discoveries?
A. Radio B. Television C. Automobiles D. Computer
3. According to the passage, Einstein
supported all of the following except ____.
A.
nationalism
B. the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine
C. atomic bomb research in the United States
D. the defeat of the Nazis
4. According to the passage in which
country did Einstein live in 1930s?
A. Switzerland B. the United States C. Germany D. Israel
5. The word "exalting" in the passage is
closest in meaning to ____.
A. criticism B.
elimination C. support D. elevation
6. It is clear from the tone of the
passage that the author feels ____.
A. Einstein's work in physics was somewhat tarnished
by his conservative political views.
B. Einstein's work in physics, though theoretically
impressive, led to few practical applications.
C. Albert
Einstein was one of the most brilliant thinkers in history.
D. Einstein's theories have been consistently proven
incorrect.
7. According to Einstein, light is
composed of separate packets of energy called ____.
A. electrons B.
photoelectrons C. gamma rays D. quanta
XII.
Indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following
questions.
1. Even if the job market is not
stable, those who persist will be able to land jobs eventually.
A. When it's hard to find a job, jobs on land are even
harder.
B.
Patient people will secure jobs even in an instable job market.
C. Only persistent job seekers can find jobs.
D. In land jobs are only available to persistent jobs
applicants.
2. Only their own mother can tell
Simon and Mike apart.
A. No one other than their own mother can separate
Simon and Mike.
B. Simon and Mike bear some resemblance to each other.
C. It's
very difficult to distinguish Simon and Mike.
D. Except for their own mother, no one can talk to
Simon and Mike.
3. "How beautiful is the dress
you have just bought!" Peter said to Mary.
A. Peter promised to buy Mary a beautiful dress.
B. Peter said thanks to Mary for her beautiful dress.
C. Peter asked Mary how she had just bought her
beautiful dress.
D. Peter
complimented Mary on her beautiful dress.
4. Those who are riding a motorbike
are not allowed to take off their helmet.
A. People
must never take their helmet off while they are riding a motorbike.
B. Those who are wearing a helmet are not allowed to
ride a motorbike.
C. It is the helmet that one needn't wear when he is
riding a motorbike.
D. You should not wear a helmet when you are riding a
motorbike.
XIII.
Indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of the following sentences.
1. The soccer team knew they lost the
match. They soon started to blame each other.
A. Not only did the soccer team lose the match but
they blamed each other as well.
B. No sooner had the soccer team started to blame each
other than they knew they lost the match.
C. As soon as they blamed each other, the soccer team
knew they lost the match.
D. Hardly
had the soccer team known they lost the match when they started to blame each
other.
2. We have been friends for years. It
is quite easy to share secrets between us.
A. Being friends for years, we find it quite easy to
share secrets.
B. We find it quite easy to share secrets, being
friends for years.
C. We have been friends so that it is quite easy to
share secrets between us.
D. Having
been friends for years, we find it quite easy to share secrets between us.
3. The government knows the extent of
the problem. The government needs to take action soon.
A.
Knowing the extent of the problem, the government needs to take action soon.
B. The government knows the extent of the problem
whereas it needs to take action soon.
C. The government knows the extent of the problem so
that it needs to take action soon.
D. The government knows the extent of the problem or
else it needs to take action soon.
4. He didn't notice anything. We
might have been in trouble otherwise.
A. If he noticed anything, we would be in trouble.
B. If he hadn't noticed anything, we couldn't have
been in trouble.
C. If he
had noticed anything, we could have been in trouble.
D. If he noticed anything, we could have been in
trouble.
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