Unit 5. CULTURAL IDENTITY

Part I. PHONETICS

Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

1. A. international       B. nation                     C. national                   D. nationality

2. A. language             B. massage                  C. marriage                  D. shortage

3. A. because               B. nurse                       C. horse                       D. purpose

4. A. cultures               B. customs                  C. ideas                       D. migrants

5. A. passed               B. realized                   C. touched                  D. wished

Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.

6. A. anthem               B. appear                     C. attire                       D. attend

7. A. unify                   B. unique                     C. uniqueness              D. unite

8. A. assimilate            B. diagnose                 C. festival                    D. scenery

9. A. diversity                         B. endanger                 C. geography               D. opposite

10. A. circumstance    B. considerate                         C. community             D. identity

Part II. VOCABULARY

Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

11. When it comes to diversity, language can be a bridge for building relationships, or a tool for creating and maintaining divisions across differences.

A. assimilation            B. distinction              C . uniformity                         D. variance

12. The situation got out of hand when the festival organisers couldn't foresee that the mob would get angry because they were stopped from taking the offerings.

A. hard to complete         B. difficult to control         C. impossible to find         D. unlikely to happen

13. A number of practices at local festivals have come under strong scrutiny in recent years.

A. approval                 B. attention                 C. disapproval                         D. examination

14. Local people believe that the festival is an opportunity to teach younger generations about patriotism and bravery.

A. heroism                   B.justice                      C. loyalty                                D. truth

15. A smiling Princess Anne was attired in an aqua-blue hat and matching jacket, with white top.

A. caught                    B. grabbed                  C. revealed                              D. shown

16. This is especially important in the age of globalisation, where countries face a daunting challenge to preserve their own cultural identities.

A. intimidating            B. delighting               C. encouraging                        D. urging

17. The Indigenous experience, like with any form of belonging, is highly fluid and context-specific, meaning there are countless examples of what such cultural pluralities can look like.

A. countable                B. uncountable            C. too few to count                 D. too many be counted

18. Steve Kootenay-Jobin, Aboriginal housing coordinator at Mount Royal University, notes that many Indigenous students who move to the city for education, encounter culture shock.

A. avoid                      B. confront                  C. overcome                            D. wipe out

19. Culture has been described as features that are shared and bind people together into a community.

A. divide                     B. engage                    C. force                                   D. unite

20. Once you have been accepted as a pupil or student at the school or college, it's against the law for them to discriminate against you because of your religion or belief.

A. judge                      B. neglect                    C. misinterpret                        D. expel

21. Changes in attitudes, family values, generational status can occur in both the majority and minority cultures as the two interact; however, typically one culture dominates.

A. normally                 B. rarely                      C. specially                              D. uncommonly

22. Integration and assimilation can help reduce feelings of loss and grief as the migrant starts to incorporate aspects of the majority culture.

A. disadvantage          B. disapproval             C. discrimination                     D. sadness

Exercise 4. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

23. They fear that with the enactment event taken off, the festival may fade away in obscurity.

A. darkness                 B. dimness                  C. fuzziness                             D. sharpness

24. Launched by the federations and foundations, Group's brands find local expression through the promotion of social solidarity and culture.

A. division                  B. identity                   C. teamwork                           D. unity

25. Many ethnic groups find it hard to maintain their own languages.

A. continue                 B. discontinue             C. preserve                  D. speak

26. The 21st century has witnessed the surprisingly increasing formation of multicultural societies where a varying number of ethnic people stay together.

A. continental             B. global                      C. universal                 D. worldwide

27. The custom of worshiping ancestors is a beautiful, rich, and colorful and joyful tradition in Vietnamese culture.

A. blaming                  B. praying                   C. honoring                 D. respecting

28. He said he was only joking, but his comments were so close to the bone.

A. annoying                B. offensive                C. personal                  D. respectful

29. Hispanics are expected to abandon their heritage to live in the US.

A. adopt                      B. discard                    C. drop out                  D. withdraw

30. For this reason, many immigrants flock to this country in search for new beginnings and better lives.

A. crowd                     B. gather                     C. group                      D. spread

31. Nothing valuable could come of a revival of the German martial spirit, better to leave it behind or bury it.

A. awakening              B. destruction             C. improvement                      D. population

32. Kootenay-Jobin says the cultural integration experience can be exacerbated by challenges such as racism and housing.

A. increased                B. improved                C. provoked                            D. worsen

33. Cultural changes in identity can be stressful and result in problems with self-esteem and mental health.

A. anxiety                   B. confidence              C. dissatisfaction                    D. modesty

34. Post-migration stresses include culture shock and conflict, both of which may lead to a sense of cultural confusion, feelings of alienation and isolation, and depression.

A. disconnection                     B. loneliness                C. sympathy                D. unfriendliness

Exercise 5. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

35. On a flip side, the world wide adoption of a couple of languages that have a large number of speakers has

              A                                                                   B                                                         C

led to the death of several less popular languages.

                                                D

36. For conclusion, the death of local languages is an alarming development.

       A                       B                 C                                  D

37. Over fifty thousand English words have been deriving from the Greek language.

        A                  B                                          C                               D

38. It is important to understand the culture religion of the country that you are travelling to and a little research

                                                                        A                           B                                                               C

before you leave will help tremendous.

                                                D

39. Linguists aware that a language becoming extinct does not necessarily mean that the people who spoke it

                            A                                 B                                              C

 have all died.

            D

40. It is our duty to critically examine the elements, which we must preserve, which will be maintained as our

                                      A                                              B                                      C

specific cultural identities, which we can be proud.

                                                D

41. Even today, Breton as well as several other minority language in France, and the rest of the world, are not

                                             A                                                     B                                             C

legally protected.

            D

42. Besides visiting ancient monuments and tombs, coming to Hue, you can also have a chance to bathe and

                        A                                                             B                                                    

lying under the sun on the most wildly beautiful beaches in Viet Nam.

       C                                        D

43. Sometimes people learn the outsiders' language in addition to their own; this has happened in Greenland,

                                                                                                A                                        B

when Kalaallisut is learned alongside Danish.

   C                              D

44. By some estimates, 80 per cents of the world's languages may vanish within the next centuries.

                        A                       B                                                             C                                D

45. Many signed languages, including American Sign Language, have born within the last few centuries.

              A                                   B                                                       C                               D

46. Minority communities, for instance, Aboriginal peoples, over 80% whose native languages will die with the

                                                    A                                                               B                                        C

current generation, account for most of the world's languages.

                                     D

47. According to linguists, children can learn several languages well, as good as they know when to speak each

                        A                                                         B                                C                             D

one.

48. According to me, I think if one is from the country with strong and old traditions, it will be rather difficult

                   A                                                                                                                                 B

for him to adapt to the new customs and moreover to reject his own.

                   C                                                        D

49. Individuals define themselves by nationality, ethnic, language, clothing and food.

            A                                                     B           C                           D

50. In forest worshiping, people worship the gods of trees and villagers sacrificed their lives to protect the

                        A                              B                                                              C                               D

village.

Part III. GRAMMAR

Exercise 6. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

51. How long ____ Gerry?

A. has you been knowing       B. has you know         C. have you been knowing     D. have you known

52. How many times ____ New York?

A. has Charles been visiting                                        B. has Charles visited

C. have Charles been visiting                                      D. have Charles visited

53. She ____ French words for hours, but she still doesn't remember all of them.

A. has been learning                B. has been learnt        C. has learnt                D. have been learning

54. My father ____.

A. has never smoked                                       B. have never smoked

C. has never been smoking                             D. have never been smoking

55. Oh dear, the light ____ all night.

A. has been burning                B. has burnt                 C. has burned              D. have burning

56. We ____ Lisa recently.

A. hasn't seen              B. haven't seen            C. haven't been seeing            D. haven't been seen

57. I ____ fifteen phone calls this morning.

A. has been making                 B. have been making               C. have been made                  D. have made

58. ____ anything so strange in your life?

A. Have you ever been hearing                       B. Have ever you been hearing

C. Have you ever heard                                  D. Have you ever heared

59. You're red in the face. ____

A. Has you ran?                                              B. Have you been runned?

C. Have you ran?                                            D. Have you been running?

60. The sun ____ since this morning.

A. has shining             B. has shined               C. has shone                D. has been shining

61. How long ____ the drums?

A. have you been playing       B. you have played     C. have you playing                D. have you played

62. The phone bill is enormous. You ____ your boyfriend in Australia, ____?

A. have been called - have you                                   B. have called - haven't you

C. have been calling - haven't you                              D. has called - hasn't you 63. He

63. He ____ on his essay all day, but he ____ yet.

A. has been writing - has not finished                        B. has writing - has not been finishing

C. have been written - have not finished                    D. has written - has not been finishing

64. John ____ for the government since he graduated from Harvard University. Until recently, he ____ his work, but now he is talking about retiring.

A. has been working - has not enjoyed                       B. has writing - has been finishing

C. has worked - has been enjoying                             D. has worked - have enjoyed

65. Lately, I ____ about changing my career because I ____ dissatisfied with the conditions at my company.

A. have been thinking - have become                         B. have been thinking - have been become

C. have thought - have become                                  D. have thought - have been becoming

66. My job gets ____ every year.

A. harder and harder                                                   B. harder and more harder

C. more harder and harder                                          D. more and more harder

67. She's getting over her operation. She feels ____.

A. gooder and gooder                                                 B. better and better

C. more better and better                                            D. more and more better

68. The market for tablets is becoming ____ all the time.

A. competitiver and competitiver                               B. more and more competitive

C. more competitiver and competitiver                      D. more competitive and competitive

69. My dad's eyesight is getting ____. He can hardly see anything these days.

A. more worser and worser                                         B. more and more worse

C. worse and worse                                                    D. worser and worser

70. It's time you tidied your room. It's getting ____.

A. messier and messier                                                B. more Messier and messier

C. more messy and messy                                           D. more and more messy

71. Visitors can ____ various types of “ao dai” costumes for free at the Ha Noi Global Cultural Center.

A. dress up                  B. put on                     C. try on                      D. wear out

72. Charles Dickens was born in Portsmouth, Hampshire in 1812, but relocated to and ____ in Camden Town in London.

A. came back              B. called away            C. grew up                  D. left out

73. It's easy to ____ your parents for granted.

A. get                          B. have                        C. make                       D. take

74. Every year several languages ____. Some people think that this is not important because life will be easier if there are fewer languages in the world.

A. die away                 B. die out                    C. die off                    D. die down

75. In all social systems, there is a minority group which is looked ____ by others in that culture and kept ____

of mainstream society.

A. back on – up           B. down on - out         C. out of – down        D. through - back       

76. Xoan singing is a vocal art of villages in the ancestral land of Phu Tho. It has been ____ for generations and the oral tradition is still very much alive today.

A. handed down         B. landed on               C. passed by                D. taken over

77. Geographical position has given India a chance to develop a ____ culture and this cultural ____ is a big "pull" factor for travelers from different countries.

A. unique – unique                                          B. unique - uniqueness

C. uniqueness – unique                                   D. uniqueness - uniqueness

78. Most companies show ____ against the obese.

A. prejudice                B. prejudicing             C. prejudge                 D. prejudging

79. Greek and Latin are the ____ sources of the international scientific vocabulary.

A. predominant           B. predominance                     C. predominated                     D. predominating

80. Viet Nam's Hung Kings worshiping ____ in Phu Tho Province has become part of the world's intangible cultural heritage.

A. ritual                       B. ritualism                  C. ritualistic                 D. ritualizing

81. ____, but would you mind helping us on our essay?

A. Sorry to bother you                                    B. Sorry for bothering

C. Sorry for such a bother                               D. Sorry for having bothered you

82. Many parents afraid that their children are becoming less familiar ____ their traditions.

A. to                            B. from                        C. for                           D. against

83. Since moving to another country, some people decide to follow the customs of the new country, while ____

prefer to keep their own customs.

A. another                   B. other                       C. others                      D. the other

84. The best way to preserve your culture is to keep it ____.

A. alive                        B. living                      C. life                          D. lively

85. Culture helps people ____ to the world around them.

A. adapt                      B. change                    C. alter                        D. fit

86. A broad definition of ____ is when two separate items, each with different characteristics, come together and blend.

A. assimilation            B. diversity                 C. preservation                        D. urbanization

87. Many new immigrants have not yet assimilated fully ____ the new culture.

A. into                         B. with                                    C. in                            D. by

88. Some people feel a strong ____ to keep their cultural identities.

A. craving                   B. pressure                  C. urge                        D. wish

89. The latest heritage at risk register revealed that 5,831 listed buildings, monuments, archaeological sites, and landscapes in England are at ____ of being lost.

A. danger                    B. edge                        C. ease                         D. risk

90. The objective is to promote the role of inhabitants and communities in the development of a modern architecture imbued ____ national identity.

A. against                    B. by                           C. for                           D. with

Part IV. SPEAKING

Exercise 7. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges.

91. Alex: “Thank you for taking the time to come here in person.”

     Amy: “____”

A. It's my pleasure.                                         B. I don't know what time that person comes.

C. I'd love to come. What time?                     D. Do you have time for some gossip?

92. Alex: “How have you been recently?”

      Amy: “____”

A. By bus, I think.                                          B. It's too late.

C. Pretty busy, I think.                                   D. No, I'll not be busy.

93. Jenny: “Thanks for the nice gift you bought to us!”

      Peter: “____”

A. All right. Do you know how much it costs?                      B. Not at all, don't mention it.

C. Actually speaking, I myself don't like it.                           D. Welcome! it's very nice of you.

94. Jenny: “You must have found reading my essay very tiring.”

      Peter: “____ I enjoyed it."

A. Not in the least.                  B. Just in case.            C. At all costs.                        D. You are welcome.

95. Jenny: “You are so patient with us.”

      Mrs. Green: “____”

A. I'm fine, thanks.                                         B. Thanks, that's nice of you to say so.

C. Thanks. Have a nice trip.                            D. I know. I have trouble controlling my temper.

96. Tom: “Can I have another cup of tea?”

      Mrs. Green: “____”

A. Be yourself.            B. Do it yourself.                    C. Help yourself.                     D. Allow yourself.

97. Ken: “Where is your studying group going to meet next weekend?”

      Mark: “____”

A. We are too busy on weekdays.                              B. The library could be best.

C. Why don't you look at the atlas?                           D. Studying in a group is great fun!

98. John: "Do you think that people should protect their cultural identities in the age of globalization?”

      Jane: “____”

A. Of course not, you bet!                                          B. Well, that's very surprising.

C. There is no doubt about it.                                     D. Yes, it's an absorb idea.

99. Kay: "I don't do that if I were you."

      Amy: "____”

A. I'd rather you didn't.                                              B. It's out of question.

C. Wouldn't you? Why?                                             D. Would you, really?

100. Jenny: “I think that some languages will no longer be spoken."

        Anna: “____”

A. Don't you think so?                                                B. I'm afraid so.

C. I agree. It sounds nice.                                           D. Let's speak up.

101. "It was very kind of you to help me out, Paul?”

         Paul: “____”

A. I'm glad you like it.                                                B. Thanks a million.

C. That was the least I could do.                                D. You can say that again.

102. Amy: "Would you mind sending those flowers to Mrs. Brown?""

       Mark: “____”

A. He wouldn't mind.                                                 B. I would if I were you.

C. No, I can handle it myself.                                     D. Sure, I'll do it now.

103. Mary: "I'll never do that again”.

        Linda: "Me ____.”

A. do so                      B. too                          C. neither                                D. either

104. Jackson: "I get impatient when the teacher doesn't tell us the answer.”

       Rose: “____”

A. Yes, it's hard to think of the answer.                     B. Yes, I wish she'd hurry up.

C. Yes, she would know the answer.                         D. Yes, she speaks too quickly.

105. Jane: "Don't fail to send your parents my regards."

        Ben: “____”

A. You are welcome.              B. Good idea, thanks.                         C. Thanks, I'll.             D. It's my pleasure.

Part V. READING

Exercise 8. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Why is culture important and how does it answer the question "(106) ____ is cultural identity?"? Culture is the underlying (107) ____ of traditions and beliefs that help a person (108) ____ to the world around them. It is the basis (109) ____ any superstitions they may have. It is the aversion to (110) ____ types of meat, or which days you can work on. Culture gives us a definite starting point when beginning to (111) ____ for our roots. Knowing (112) ____ a person comes from will help to define how they look at their family obligations as (113) ____ as how they celebrate important milestones in life.

As a person has given up their cultural identity, they (114) ____ can identify themselves with the things that were (115) ____ the most important things in their lives. They lose direction. As time (116) ____ by and they continue to forget about their past and their natural traditions, their identity becomes less and less (117) ____.

106. A. How                           B. Which                     C. Why                                    D. What

107. A. institution                   B. foundation             C. organization                        D. principle

108. A. relate                         B. relating                   C. related                                D. to relate

109. A. in                                B. for                           C. of                                        D. to

110. A. especial                       B. special                     C. specific                              D. typical

111. A. find                            B. look                        C. search                                 D. seek

112. A. by which                    B. how                        C. when                                   D. where

113. A. long                            B. much                       C. soon                                    D. well

114. A. any longer                  B. any more                 C. no longer                            D. no more

115. A. at once                        B. once                        C. one time                              D. for once

116. A. goes                            B. flies                         C. passes                                 D. walks

117. A. pronouncing               B. pronounce               C. pronounced                        D. been pronouncing

Exercise 9. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Modern life is characterized not only by the conveniences made possible by technological advances but also by greater mobility in search of still greater opportunities. These major life changes, however, expose individuals to many novelties in a new culture, which are the causes of culture shock. Culture shock is a process through which most people who enter a new culture pass through before they adjust to life in their new environment.

Culture shock begins with the honeymoon stage”. This is the period of time when we first arrive in which everything about the new culture is strange and exciting. Unfortunately, the second stage "rejection stage" can be quite dangerous because the visitor may develop unhealthy habits (smoking and drinking). This can lead to the person getting sick or developing skin infections or rashes, which then makes the person feel even more scared and confused and helpless. This stage is considered a crisis in the process of cultural adjustment and many people choose to go back to their homeland or spend all their time with people from their own culture speaking their native language. The third stage of culture shock is called the "adjustment stage”. This is when you begin to realize that things are not so bad in the host culture. You are becoming stronger by learning to take care of yourself in the new place. The fourth stage can be called “at ease at last”. Now you feel quite comfortable in your new surroundings. You can cope with most problems that occur. You may still have problems with the language, but you know you are strong enough to deal with them. The last stage of culture shock, which many people don't know about, is called "reverse culture shock”. Surprisingly, this occurs when you go back to your native culture and find that you have changed and that things there have changed while you have been away. Now you feel a little uncomfortable back home. Life is a struggle!

118. Which sentence best explains the main idea of paragraph 1?

A. Culture shock, experienced by people living in a new culture, consists of five basic stages.

B. People immigrate to other countries in search of better opportunities.

C. Modern life is characterized by many technological advances and greater mobility.

D. These major life changes are the causes of culture shock.

119. It is stated that the "honeymoon stage” ____.

A. is involved in developing healthy habits

B. is exciting with the new sights, sounds, language and foods

C. is the initial period of culture shock

D. got its name because everything is new and exciting for the newcomer

120. In paragraph 1, the word novelties probably means ____.

A. things which are new or unusual                            B. things which are difficult to deal with

C. things which have to do with novels                     D. things which are very young or recent in age

121. In paragraph 2, the word host probably means ____.

A. the dominant country                                             B. the largest country

C. the newcomer's native country                               D. the receiving country

122. Which of the following is NOT true according the passage?

A. At forth stage, newcomers have overcome all problems in the new culture.

B. Immigrants may suffer from "reverse culture shock” when going back to native culture.

C. New arrivals in the second stage, "reject” the new culture by returning to their country or binding even more with other people from their culture.

D. The "rejection stage” is the most difficult stage in the process of cultural adjustment.

Exercise 10. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

In the Native American Navajo nation which sprawls across four states in the American south-west, the native language is dying. Most of its speakers are middle-age or elderly. Although many students take classes in Navajo, the schools are run in English. Street sign, supermarket goods and even their own newspaper are all in English. Not surprisingly, linguists doubt that any native speakers of Navajo will remain in a hundred years' time.

Navajo is far from alone. Half the world's 6,800 languages are likely to vanish within two generations - that's one language lost every ten days. Never before has the planet's linguistic diversity shrunk at such a pace. Isolation breeds linguistic diversity as a result, the world is peppered with languages spoken by only a few people. Only 250 languages have more than a million speakers, and at least 3,000 have fewer than 2,500. It is not necessarily these small languages that are about to disappear. Navajo is considered endangered despite having 150,000 speakers.

What makes a language endangered is not that the number of speakers, but how old they are. If it is spoken by children it is relatively safe. The critically endangered languages are those that are only spoken by the elderly, according to Michael Krauss, director of the Alaska Native Language Center, in Fairbanks.

Why do people reject the language of their parent? It begins with a crisis of confidence, when a small community finds itself alongside a larger, wealthier society, says Nicholas Ostler of Britain's Foundation for Endangered Languages, in Bath. “People lose faith in their culture” he says. "When the next generation reaches their teens, they might not want to be induced into the old tradition.” The change is not always voluntary. Quite often, governments try to kill off a minority language by banning its use in public or discouraging its use in school, all to promote national unity. The former US policy of running Indian reservation in English, for example, effectively put languages such as Navajo on the danger list. But Salikoko Mufwene, who chairs the Linguistics Department at the University of Chicago, argues that the deadliest weapon is not government policy but economic globalisation. "Native Americans have not lost pride in their language, but they have had to adapt to socio-economic pressures" he says. “They cannot refuse to speak English if most commercial activity is in English."

However, a growing interest in cultural identity may prevent the direct predictions from coming true. ‘The key to fostering diversity is for people to learn their ancestral tongue, as well as the dominant language' says Doug Whalen, founder and president of the Endangered Language Fund in New Haven, Connecticut. “Most of these will ive without a large degree of bilingualism” he says.

123. It is stated in the passage that the number of endangered languages is ____.

A. about 3,200            B. about 6,800            C. at least 3,000          D. fewer than 2,500

124. The word peppered in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ____.

A. randomly separated                                    B. slowly attacked

C. sparsely distributed                                                D. unintentionally controlled

125. According to the passage, endangered languages cannot be saved unless people ____.

A. avoid speaking their dominant language               B. grow interest in cultural identities

C. know more than one language                               D. write in their mother tongue

126. Who thinks that a change of language may mean a loss of traditional culture?

A. Doug Whalen                     B. Michael Krauss                   C. Nicholas Ostler       D. Salikoko Mufwene

127. The word these in paragraph 5 refers to ____.

A. ancestral tongue                                                     B. dominant language

C. growing interest in cultural identity                       D. the key to fostering diversity

128. Navajo language is considered being endangered language because ____.

A. it currently has too few speakers

B. it is spoken by too many elderly and middle-aged speakers

C. it was banned in publicity by the former US policy

D. many young people refuse to learn to speak it

129. Which statement is NOT supported by the information in the passage?

A. A large number of native speakers fail to guarantee the survival of a language.

B. National governments could do more to protect endangered languages.

C. The loss of linguistic diversity is inevitable.

D. Young people often reject the established way of life in their community.

130. What is the main idea of this passage?

A. To describe how diverse languages are in the past.

B. To explain the importance of persevering endangered languages.

C. To explain why more and more languages disappear.

D. To point out that many languages being in danger of extinction.

Part VI. WRITING

Exercise 11 Mark the letter A, B, C. or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

131. It is hard for linguists to draw the line between languages and dialects.

A. Linguists find hard to draw the line between languages and dialects.

B. Linguists find it hard drawing the line between languages and dialects.

C. Linguists find it hard to draw the line between languages and dialects.

D. Linguists find it is hard to draw the line between languages and dialects.

132. Cultural changes have never been as accelerated as they are now during the globalization.

A. Never before cultural changes have been as accelerated as they are now during the globalization.

B. Never before cultural have changes been as accelerated as they are now during the globalization.

C. Never before have been cultural changes as accelerated as they are now during the globalization.

D. Never before have cultural changes been as accelerated as they are now during the globalization.

133. Many immigrants do not want their children to suffer from not speaking dominant language well, as they did.

A. Many immigrants do not want their children to speak dominant language as worse as they did.

B. Many immigrants want their children to speak dominant language better than they did.

C. Many immigrants want their children to speak dominant language as well as they did.

D. Many immigrants want to speak dominant language as well as their children can.

134. I think childhood is the best time to learn languages well.

A. According to my opinion, children are the best to learn languages well.

B. In my opinion, there is no time that is better than childhood to learn languages well.

C. My opinion is that we can learn languages well only in our childhood.

D. To me, there is no time that is as good as childhood to learn languages well.

135. People often mistakenly think that children can learn to speak only one language well.

A. Children are often believed to be able to speak only one language well and it's true.

B. It is often believed that children cannot learn to speak several languages.

C. It is not true that children can learn to speak only one language well.

D. It is normal to believe that children can learn to speak only one language well.

136. There are over fifty ethnic groups but we all use Vietnamese as the official language.

A. Although there are over fifty ethnic groups, we all use Vietnamese as the official language.

B. Despite there are over fifty ethnic groups, we all use Vietnamese as the official language.

C. However, there are over fifty ethnic groups, we all use Vietnamese as the official language.

D. In spite of using Vietnamese as the official language, there are over fifty ethnic groups.

137. There's no point in preventing people from shifting to a different language.

A. It is possible to prevent people from shifting to a different language.

B. It's useless to prevent people from shifting to a different language.

C. People will be prevented from shifting to a different language though it's hard.

D. No one wants to prevent people from shifting to a different language.

138. Languages allow people to experience and share their cultures.

A. People are able to experience and share their cultures through languages.

B. People are not allowed to experience and share their cultures without languages.

C. People must experience and share their cultures by languages.

D. People cannot experience and share their cultures without languages.

139. Preserving cultural identities in international world is a matter of great dispute.

A. It is a great dispute as cultural identities should be preserved in international.

B. No matter how great dispute is, cultural identities should be preserved in international.

C. That the dispute of preserving cultural identities in international world is a great matter.

D. The fact that cultural identities should be preserved in international world is a matter of great dispute.

Exercise 12. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

140. Sacred texts and ceremonies can seem confusing with no one there to guide. Young people find an expert willing to explain their significance.

A. Although sacred texts and ceremonies can seem confusing with no one there to guide, young people are forced to find an expert willing to explain their significance.

B. Because sacred texts and ceremonies can seem confusing with no one there to guide, so young people are willing to find an expert to explain their significance.

C. For sacred texts and ceremonies can seem confusing with no one there to guide, young people might find an expert willing to explain their significance.

D. Since sacred texts and ceremonies can seem confusing with no one there to guide, young people are supposed to find an expert willing to explain their significance.

141. Culture, language, facilities or economy level of the family are different. Vocal guidelines and acting in daily activities are the ways of the life experience knowledge transfer.

A. Vocal guidelines and acting in daily activities are the ways of the life experience knowledge transfer despite of different culture, language, facilities or economy level of the family.

B. Vocal guidelines and acting in daily activities are the ways of the life experience powledge transfer regardless of different culture, language, facilities or economy level of the family.

C. Vocal guidelines and acting in daily activities are the ways of the life experience knowledge transfer due to different culture, language, facilities or economy level of the family.

D. Vocal guidelines and acting in daily activities are the ways of the life experience knowledge transfer although different culture, language, facilities or economy level of the family.

142. We can't deny the potential influences of global communications on our cultural identity, as it will become even more powerful.

A. It can be undeniable that global communications will become even more powerful in potentially influencing our cultural identity.

B. It cannot deny that global communications will become even more powerful in potentially influencing our cultural identity.

C. It cannot be denied that global communications will become even more powerful in potentially influencing our cultural identity.

D. It hardly deny that global communications will become even more powerful in potentially influencing our cultural identity.

143. We accept that changes are unavoidable. We will not allow everything to be wiped out, destroyed or forgotten.

A. Accepting that changes are unavoidable does not mean that we will allow everything to be wiped out, destroyed or forgotten.

B. Despite accepting that changes are unavoidable, but we will not allow everything to be wiped out, destroyed or forgotten.

C. Rather than accepting that changes are unavoidable we will allow everything to be wiped out, destroyed or forgotten.

D. We accept that changes are unavoidable, as we will not allow everything to be wiped out, destroyed or forgotten.

144. People have given up their heritage, traditional beliefs and other aspects of their native culture. They begin to lose their sense of self.

A. If people have not given up their heritage, traditional beliefs and other aspects of their native culture, they will not lose their sense of self.

B. Giving up their heritage, traditional beliefs and other aspects of their native culture means that people totally lose their sense of self.

C. Once people have given up their heritage, traditional beliefs and other aspects of their native culture, they are about to lose their sense of self.

D. Whenever people have given up their heritage, traditional beliefs and other aspects of their native culture, they are supposed to lose their sense of self.

145. Thousands of languages are at risk of extinction. You know one of them, then teach it to others.

A. As long as you know one of thousands of languages that are at risk of extinction, then teach it to others.

B. If you know one of thousands of languages that are at risk of extinction, teach it to others.

C. For you know one of thousands of languages that are at risk of extinction, teach it to others.

D. Whenever you know one of thousands of languages that are at risk of extinction, then teach it to others.