Unit 6. GENDER EQUALITY

Part I. PHONETICS

Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

1. A. women               B. follow                     C. concentrate             D. project

2. A. address               B. allow                       C. traffic                     D. rural

3. A. minimum            B. influence                 C. eliminate                 D. bias

4. A. prevent               B. education                C. dependent              D. eliminate

5. A. encourage           B. contribute               C. delicious                 D. college

Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.

6. A. career                  B. gender                    C. equal                       D. bias

7. A. enrol                   B. rural                        C. allow                       D. prefer

8. A. abandon             B. dependent              C. preference               D. exhausted

9. A. unequal               B. enrolment               C. encourage               D. minimum

10. A. physically         B. equality                   C. remarkably              D. discriminate

Part II. VOCABULARY

Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

11. This year, more girls enrolled on courses in art and design.

            A. avoided                  B. inserted                   C. erased                     D. enlisted

12. In some rural areas, women and girls are forced to do most of the housework.

            A. invited                    B. encouraged             C. made                       D. contributed

13. Our government has done a lot to eliminate gender inequality.

            A. cause                      B. remove                    C. add                         D. allow

14. We never allow any kind of discrimination against girls at school.

            A. approve                  B. deny                       C. refuse                      D. debate

15. Women do not yet have equal rights in the family in this area.

            A. variable                   B. similar                     C. different                 D. the same

16. It's time we banned discrimination at work.

            A. bias                         B. equity                     C. fairness                   D. similarity

17. Both male and female students in my class perform very well.

            A. assign                     B. work                       C. communicate          D. entertain

18. Many people in our country still think married women shouldn’t pursue a career.

A. attempt                   B. attach                      C. achieve                   D. want

19. Most employers prefer male workers to female ones.

A. want                       B. compliment             C. care about               D. favour

20. She failed to get into medical university.

A. passed                    B. qualified                 C. didn’t succeed        D. satisfied

21. In order to be successful, we should never give up hope.

A. fight                       B. abandon                  C. continue                  D. suspect

22. Gender discrimination has become a hot subject of conversations among school students.

A. topic                       B. study                      C. fact                         D. case

23. The government took big steps to prevent gender inequality.

A. increase                  B. avoid                      C. promote      .           D. cause

24. Those people who have enough courage and will are likely to be successful.

A. energy                    B. motivation              C. bravery                   D. desire

25. Nowadays, many women are aware of gender preferences in favour of boys.

A. fail                          B. ignore                     C. deny                       D. acknowledge

26. With great effort, she passed the driving test at the first attempt.

A. succeeded in          B. failed                      C. enrolled                  D. deferred

27. Female firefighters are sometimes the targets of laughter and anger from the coworkers and local people.

A. reasons                   B. sources                    C. directions                D. victims

28. Many women had to pay a heavy price to win equality.

A. achieve                   B. lose                         C. attempt                   D. respect

29. Traditional women are often passive and dependent on their husbands.

A. free                         B. reliant                     C. adhered                  D. strong

30. Women will be exhausted if they have to cover both jobs at work and at home.

A. very relaxed           B. very pleased           C. very tired                D. very happy

31. Men should share household chores with women in their families.

            A. cover                      B. finish                      C. take                         D. split

32. The Government has raised the national minimum wage.

A. bonus                      B. expense                   C. waste                      D. pay

33. They were qualified for the job, but they were not recruited.

A. competitive             B. selected                  C. competent               D. applied

34. Wage discrimination affects women negatively.

A. motivates                B. influences               C. encourages              D. affords

35. How are governments addressing the problem of inequality in wages?

A. focusing on             B. raising                     C. creating                   D. ignoring

36. Many countries now allow and encourage women to join the army and the police forces.

A. permit                     B. force                       C. make                       D. prevent

37. We should encourage women to join more social activities.

A. prevent                   B. stimulate                 C. permit                     D. forbid

38. Working mothers contribute to household income.

A. reduce                    B. take                         C. add                         D. double

39. Family values are likely to pass down from generation to generation.

A. put down                B. cut down                C. go down                 D. hand down

40. Women's salaries are becoming important to their household budgets.

A. funds                      B. costs                       C. expenses                 D. fees

41. Experiences at work help women to widen their knowledge.

A. eliminate                 B. broaden                  C. restrict                    D. spoil

42. If women have to do too much housework, they cannot concentrate or work effectively.

A. learn                       B. distract                   C. focus                       D. ignore

Exercise 4. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

43. The gender gap in primary education has been eliminated.

A. variety                    B. inconsistency          C. difference               D. similarity

44. The United Kingdom has made a remarkable progress in gender equality.

A. insignificant           B. impressive               C. notable                    D. famous

45. Men and women equally gain first class degrees.

A. acquire                    B. lose                         C. achieve                   D. Obtain

46. The United Kingdom still faces challenges in gender equality.

A. fairness                   B. inequality                C. evenness                 D. equilibrium

47. Much has to be done to achieve gender equality in employment opportunities.

A. attain                      B. obtain                     C. reach                       D. abandon

48. People have eliminated poverty and hunger in many parts of the world.

A. created                   B. eradicated               C. phased out              D. wiped out

49. Both genders should be provided with equal rights to education, employment and healthcare.

A. deprived of             B. furnished with        C. equipped with        D. supplied with

50. We should not allow any kind of discrimination against women and girls.

A. inequality               B. hatred                     C. unbiased feeling     D. intolerance

Part III. GRAMMAR

Exercise 5. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

51. A lot of people think that marriage women shouldn’t pursue a career.

            A                   B               C                                             D

52. We must stop discrimination on people coming from the rural area.

                   A                   B                                  C                      D

53. My brother is good with cooking and he can cook very delicious food.

                                    A                                 B              C                D

54. I guess they may be kept home doing housework and look after their children.

            A                     B                                 C                                   D

55. Women in rural areas might be forced to work both at home but on the fields.

                           A                           B            C                                 D

56. Some people think that girls shouldn’t be allowed to going to university.

                        A                                 B                             C             D

57. Gender discrimination should be eliminated for create equal opportunities in education for everyone.

                        A                                             B                                                         C                     D

58. More girls should being chosen to represent us in the School Youth Union.

            A                B                               C                D

59. Both women and men should be given equal rights for education and employment.

         A                                B                C                              D

 

60. This discrimination against women and girls must be abolishing.

                        A                     B                                 C         D

61. Efforts should be make to offer all children equal access to education.

            A                     B                     C                                 D

62. It is clear that gender differences cannot prevent a person to pursue a job.

            A                       B                               C                                 D

63. Traditional women were mainly responsible to doing housework and looking after their husbands and

                                    A                              B                                                 C                     D

children.

64. Doing housework every day is really boring and tired.

               A                     B                  C                        D

65. In the past, women was often passive and dependent on their husbands.

            A                    B                                  C                            D

66. Women usually get less pay as men for doing the same job.

            A                     B                C                          D

Exercise 6. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

67.   It is important that men should share household tasks ____ their wives.

A. to                            B. with                                    C. for                           D. against

68. Women are more hard-working than men although they are physically ____ weaker.

A. more                       B. as                            C. so                            D. Ø

69. Women are likely to become trouble-makers ____ they are too talkative.

A. in order                   B. so                            C. because                   D. thus

70. Some people tend to wrongly believe that men are not as good ____ children as women.

A. with                        B. as                            C. at                            D. on

71. Not many people are aware ____ male preference in this company.

A. for                          B. on                           C. about                      D of

72. I don't think mothers should be discouraged ____ outside the home.

A. to work                   B. from working         C. to working              D. Working

73. More and more girls apply ____ males’ jobs these days.

A. by                           B.for                            C. about                      D. to

74. Working mothers can inspire their kids ____ their hard work and devotion.

A. with                        B. about                      C. at                            D. for

75. Now I wish I could ____ a medical career to become a doctor.

A. pursuing                 B. be pursuing             C. be pursued              D. pursue

76. Educated women are becoming less dependent ____ their husbands’ decisions.

A. about                      B.of                             C.on                            D. for

77. This policewoman is famous ____ her courage and strong will.

A. with                        B. for                           C. on                           D. about

78. I am thinking ____ becoming a childcare worker because I love children.

A. of                            B. with                                    C. for                           D. on

79. A lot of things need to be done ____ gender equality in education, employment and healthcare.

A. promoting               B. in promoting           C. for promoting         D. to promote

80. Nowadays, a number of parents still have preference for boys ____ girls.

A. rather                      B. than                        C. over                         D. instead

81. Women’s salaries are getting more important ____ their household income.

A. at                            B. to                            C. in                            D. within

82. I think everybody should be provided ____ equal access to health services.

A. with                        B. on                           C. for                           D. to

83. Gender discrimination must ____ in order to create a better society.

A. eliminate                 B. be eliminating         C. be eliminated          D. eliminated

84. This company can ____ for wage discrimination among workers of different genders.

A. be sued                   B. be suing                  C. sue                          D. sued

85. Poor women in disadvantaged areas should ____ more help by governments.

A. offer                       B. be offered               C. be offering              D. offered

86. Married women should be encouraged ____ a career of their preference.

A. pursued                  B. pursue                     C. to pursue                 D. from pursuing

87. Domestic violence ____ women and girls must be wiped out at any cost.

A. on                           B.at                             C.for                            D. against

88. Having good education enables women ____ equality.

A. to achieve               B. achieve                   C. to achieving            D. Achteved

89. We all need to cooperate to fight ____ racism and gender discrimination.

            A. for                          B. against                    C. in                            D. about

90. The women in this company have been demanding equal pay____ equal work.

            A. against                    B. on                           C. for                           D. with

Part IV. SPEAKING

Exercise 7. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges.

Two friends Nam and Lan are talking about the topic of gender equality.

91. Nam: “Do you think that there are any jobs which only men or only women can or should do?”

       Lan: “____”

A. Men are better at certain jobs than women.

B. I agree. This really depends on their physical strengths and preferences.

C. Women and men should cooperate with each other.

D. Men are often favoured in certain jobs.

92. Lan: “Would you rather work for a male or female boss?”

      Nam: “____”

A. I’ve been self-employed for five years.     B. I don’t like working under time pressure.

C. I prefer a male boss.                                   D. I can’t stand the women gossips.

93. Nam: “Would you rather have a male or a female secretary?”

      Lan: “____”

            A. I want to have a female one.

B. The number of female secretaries is increasing.

C. The number of female secretaries is staying the same.

D. Female secretaries outnumber male ones.

94. Lan: “How do the roles of men and women differ in your family?”

      Nam: “____”

A. Most of men don’t want to stay at home.

B. Women are changing their roles.

C. Most men are very bossy and arrogant.

D. Men are breadwinners and women are caregivers.

95. Nam: “Which gender, do you think, works harder: male or female?

      Lan: “____”

            A. I think it depends on individuals rather than gender.

B. Males like high position jobs more than females.

C. Females prefer to have a stable job.

D. Both males and females are responsible for childcare.

96. Nam: “Which gender spends most of the time shopping?”

      Lan: “____”

A. Shopping has always been my hobby.

B. More and more people are shopping online these days.

C. Both genders like shopping.

D. It depends on who keeps the money.

97. Nam: “Which gender is most likely to ask strangers for directions?”

      Lan: “____”

A. Men sometimes ask strangers for directions as well.

B. Women are because their sense of space and directions is worse.

C. Both men and women can use GPS these days.

D. GPS is very useful to help car drivers.

98. Nam: “Why are there generally so few women in top positions?”

      Lan: “____”

A. Top positions are the highest in career ladder.       B. Top positions are hard to climb to.

C. I guess men tend to make better leaders.               D. Women also want to climb to top positions.

99. Nam: “Which gender tends to live longer?”

      Lan: “____”

A. Women tend to live 5 years longer than men.       B. Women like a peaceful and quiet life.

C. Men want to live an active life.                              D. Both men and women tend to live longer.

100. Nam: “As women live longer than men, should they retire later?”

        Lan: “____”

A. When women are retired, they want to enjoy life.

B. When men are retired, they still want to continue working.

C. The government is still discussing the retirement age.

D. I don't think so. Physically, they are weaker and they need to retire earlie

101. Lan: “What behaviours are only seen as appropriate for women?

         Nam: “____”

A. Women are getting more and more independent.

B. In some places, women still suffer gender discrimination.

C. I don’t really know. Maybe gossiping and crying in public places.

D. Gender discrimination should be abolished.

102. Lan: “What behaviours are only seen as appropriate for men?”

        Nam: “____”

            A. What are men’s appropriate behaviours?

B. There are many, such as offering to pay for meals or drinks.

C. Men, in general, don’t have appropriate behaviours.

D. Men don’t want other people to criticize them.

103. Lan: “What clothing is appropriate for women but not for men?”

        Nam: “____”

A. They are long dresses and skirts.               B. Men are also changing their fashion styles.

C. Many clothes now are uni-sex.                   D. Men should never wear women’s clothes.

104. Nam: “Which gender is better at team sports?”

        Lan: “____”                   

A. Women are better at individual sports.                  B. Both men and women can do sports.

C. Physically, men are stronger than women.             D. Certainly, men are better.

105. Lan: “Which gender do you think studies most?”

        Nam: “____”

A. Studying is quite long lasting.

B. This depends more on individuals rather than genders.

C. Gender discrimination in education is a hot debate.

D. Female students should also be allowed to further their studies.

Part V. READING

Exercise 8. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered bla

THE SUFFRAGETTES

England has had a democracy for a long time. Until 1918, however, women were not allowed (106) ____ in it. The right to vote is called ‘suffrage’ and the English women who fought (107) ____ and won that right were called “suffragettes”.

The suffragette movement was led by Emmiline Pankhurst. In 1903, she  (108) ____ an organization called the Women’s Social and Politica Union (WSPU). Members of the WSPU went to the Prime Minister to (109) ____ suffrage, but he told them to “be patient”. The suffragettes were not (110) ____.They wanted change immediately.

The fight for the vote for women became (111) ____ and sometimes violent. In 1908, two suffragettes (112) ____ themselves to the fence outside the Prime Minister's front door! They were arrested and spent weeks in jail. In 1912, hundreds of women (113) ____ the streets of London. They broke shop windows and even threw Stones (114) ____ the Prime Minister’s house. Thousands of suffragettes were (115) ____ for this and similar actions over the years.

World War I (1914-1918) proved to be an important (116) ____ for the women’s movement. Women contributed so much to the war effort as nurses', factory workers, and at other jobs that more people became convinced of their right to vote. Women were (117) ____ given that right in January, 1918.

106. A. to vote	B. for vote	C. in voting	D. vote
107. A. with	B. for	C. against	D. to
108. A. did	B. made	C. founded	D. found
109. A. demand	B. ask	C. want	D. raise
110. A. satisfaction	B. satisfactory	C. satisfy	D. satisfied
111. A. intensive	B. intense	C. intend	D. intention
112. A. trained	B.changed	C. chained	D. charged
113. A. took to	B. took in	C. took up	D. took over
114. A. onto	B. on	C. over	D. at
115. A. jail	B. jailed	C. jailing	D. on jail
116. A. eventual	B. even	C. event	D. eventually
117. A. finally	B. final	C. initial	D. initially

Exercise 9. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

For Catherine Lumby, deciding to take on the role of breadwinner in her relationship was not a difficult choice. When she discovered she was pregnant with her first child, she had just been offered a demanding new role as Director of the Media and Communications department at the University of Sydney. But she didn't see this as an obstacle, and was prepared to use childcare when the children were old enough. It came, therefore, as a surprise to Lumby and her husband Derek that, after the birth of their son, they couldn’t actually bear the thought of putting him into childcare tor nine hours a day. As she was the one with the secure job, the role of primary care-giver fell to Derek, who was writing scripts for television. This arrangement continued for the next four years, w ith Derek working from home and caring for both of their sons. He returned to full-time work earlier this year.

Whilst Lumby and her husband are by no means the only Australians making such a role reversal, research suggests that they are in the minority. In a government-funded survey in 2001, only 5.5 percent of couples in the 30-54 year age group saw the women working either part- or full-time while the men were unemployed.

The situation is likely to change, according to the CEO of Relationships Australia, Anne Hollonds. She suggests that this is due to several reasons, including the number of highly educated women in the workforce and changing social patterns and expectations. However, she warns that for couples involved in role-switching, there are many potential difficulties to be overcome. For men whose self-esteem is connected to their jobs and the income it provides to the family, a major change of thinking is required. It also requires women to reassess, particularly with regard to domestic or child-rearing decisions, and they may have to learn to deal with the guilt of not always being there at key times for their children. Being aware of these issues can make operating in non-traditional roles a lot easier.

118. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Men being the bread winners                                 B. Traditional roles of women

C. Women being the home makers                             D. Reversed roles between men and women

119. Catherine and her husband decided that Catherine would be the primary earner because ____.         

A. she had a badly paid job                                        B. she was not good at childcare

C. she had a reliable job                                              D. she wanted her husband to stay at home

120. In paragraph 1, the word “him" refers to ____.

A. their son                 B. her husband            C. Derek                      D. her colleague

121. They decided that Derek would look after their son because they ____.

A. couldn’t afford to put their child in care for long periods each day

B. didn’t want to put their child in care for long periods each day

C. thought childcare was not safe enough for their children

D. worried about their son’s health problems

122. In paragraph 2, the word “reversal" is closest in meaning to ____.

A. stability                  B. modification           C. rehearsal                 D. switch

123. One reason tor a change in the number of men staying home is ____.

A. the stability in the number of highly-educated women who are working

B. the fall in the number of highly-educated women who are working

C. the rise in the number of highly-educated women who are working

D. the fluctuation in the number of highly-educated women who are working

Exercise 10. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

In 1812 a young man called James Barry finished his studies in medicine at Edinburgh University. After graduating he moved to London where he studied surgery at Guy’s Hospital. After that the popular young doctor joined the army and over the next forty years had a brilliant career as an army medical officer, working in many far-off countries and fighting successfully for improved conditions in hospitals. It was a remarkable career - made even more remarkable by the discovery upon his death that he was in fact a she, James Barry was a woman.

No one was more surprised at this discovery than her many friends and colleagues. It was true that throughout her life people had remarked upon her small size, slight build and smooth pale face. One officer had even objected to her appointment as a medical assistant because he could not believe that Barry was old enough to have graduated in medicine. But no one had ever seriously suggested that Barry was anything other than a man.

By all accounts Barry was a pleasant and good-humoured person with high cheekbones, reddish hair, a long nose and large eyes. She was well-liked by her patients and had a reputation for great speed in surgery - an important quality at a time when operations were performed without anaesthetic. She was also quick tempered. When she was working in army hospitals and prisons overseas, the terrible conditions often made her very angry. She fought hard against injustice and cruelty and her temper sometimes got her into trouble with the authority. After a long career overseas, she returned to London where she died in 1865. While the undertaker’s assistant was preparing her body for burial, she discovered that James Barry was a woman.

So why did James Barry deceive people for so long? At that time a woman could not study medicine, work as a doctor or join the army. Perhaps Barry had always wante to          do these things and pretending to be a man was the only way to make it possible. Perhaps she was going to tell the truth one day, but didn’t because she was enjoying her life as a man too much. Whatever the reason, Barry's deception was successful. By the time it was discovered that she had been the first woman in Britain to qualify as a doctor, it was too late for the authorities to do anything about it.

124. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Gender discrimination among doctors in London

B. James Barry pretended to be a man to become a doctor

C. James Barry and her career overseas

D. Punishment for James Barry’s deception

125. In paragraph 1, the word “remarkable" is closest in meaning to ____.

A. noticeable               B. commented             C. rewarding               D. focused

126. According to the passage, all of the following are true EXCEPT          .

A. all people were surprised at the discovery

B. people remarked upon her small size

C. many people suspected that she was a woman

D. people noticed her slight build and smooth pale face

127. In paragraph 2, the word “objected" is closest in meaning to ____.

A. shared                     B. agreed                     C. protected                D. protested

128. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE about James Barry?

A. She could control her temper perfectly.                 B. She lost her temper easily.

C. She never lost her temper.                                      D. She was calm and well-behaved.

129. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE about James Barry?

A. She performed her operations quickly.                  B. She performed her operations slowly.

C. She performed her operations carelessly.               D. Her patients did not like her very much.

130. In paragraph 4, the word “it" refers to ____.

A. Barry's choice         B. Barry’s career         C. Barry’s deception   D. Barry's reputation

Part VI. WRITING

Exercise 11. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

131. The government should create more job opportunities for women in rural areas.

A. Women in rural areas should create more jobs for the government.

B. More job opportunities should be created for the government by the women in rural areas.

C. More job opportunities should be created for women in rural areas by the government.

D. Rural areas should be created more job opportunities by women in the government.

132. We all object to wage discrimination.

A. We all support wage discrimination.          B. We all protest against wage discrimination.

C. We all struggle for wage discrimination.   D. Wage discrimination is what we fight for.

133. Health care insurance should be provided for everyone.

A. All people should have access to health care insurance.

B. Health care insurance should be free for everyone.

C. Everyone should have free access to health care insurance.

D. Only a limited number of people can access free health care insurance.

134. In some rural areas, parents still prefer their sons to their daughters.

A. Sons are not as favoured as daughters in some rural areas.

B. Parents in some rural areas like their daughters more than their sons.

C. Parents in some rural areas still favour their sons rather than daughters.

D. Daughters are more preferable than sons in some rural areas.

135. Single-sex schools should be abolished by the government.

A. Single-sex schools should be controlled by the government.

B. Single-sex schools should be allowed to multiply by the government.

C. The government should promote single-sex schools.

D. The government should eradicate single-sex schools.

Exercise 12. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

136. Gender discrimination in education starts at home. Parents treat boys and girls differently.

A. If parents don’t treat boys and girls differently, gender discrimination in education

starts at home.

B. Gender discrimination in education starts at home unless parents treat boys and girls differently.

C. Gender discrimination in education starts at home if parents treat boys and girls differently.

D. If gender discrimination in education starts at home, patents treat boys and girls the same.

137. Gender differences cannot prevent a person from pursuing a job. Success comes to those who have enough courage and will.

A. Unless success comes to those who have enough courage and will, gender differences cannot prevent a person from pursuing a job.

B. Gender differences cannot prevent a person from pursuing a job unless success comes to those who have enough courage and will.

C. Gender differences can prevent a person from pursuing a job because success comes to those who have enough courage and will.

D. Gender differences cannot prevent a person from pursuing a job because success comes to those who have enough courage and will.

138. Men should share household tasks with their wives. This helps to maintain gender equality at home.

A. Men should share household tasks with their wives unless this helps to maintain gender equality at home.

B. Men should share household tasks with their wives in order to maintain gender equality at home.

C. Men should share household tasks with their wives, but this helps to maintain gender equality at home.

D. Men shouldn't share household tasks with their wives because this helps to maintain gender equality at home.

139. Women have to do too much work. They will be exhausted.

A. If women have to do too much work, they will be exhausted.

B. Unless women have to do too much work, they will be exhausted.

C. As long as women don’t I have to do too much work, they will be exhausted.

D. In case women have to do too much work, they won’t be exhausted.

140. Wage discrimination attects women negatively. This should be abolished.

A. Wage discrimination should be abolished, so it affects women negatively.

B. Wage discrimination affects women negatively because this should be abolished.

C. Wage discrimination affects women negatively, so this should be abolished.

D. Wage discrimination should be abolished unless it affect women negatively.