UNIT 8

B. GRAMMAR REVIEW

I. RELATIVE PRONOUNS

1. Who: dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người, làm chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ, sau Who là "be/V".

Ex: The man is Mr. Pike. He is standing over there.

=> The man who is standing over there is Mr. Pike.

2. Whom: dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người, làm tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ, sau Whom là "a clause".

Ex: That is the girl. I told you about her.

=> That is the girl whom I told you about.

Note: Whom làm tân ngữ có thể được bỏ đi trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định.

3. Which: which dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật, làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ.

Ex: The dress is very beautiful. I bought it yesterday.

=> The dress which I bought yesterday is very beautiful.

Note: Which làm tân ngữ có thể được bỏ đi trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định.

4. That: là đại từ chỉ cả người và vật, đứng sau danh từ để làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ.

Ex: This is the book. I like it best.

=> This is the book that I like best.

Note: + Sau dấu phẩy không bao giờ dùng that

+ That luôn được dùng sau các danh từ hỗn hợp (gồm cả người lẫn vật) everything, something, anything, all little, much, none và sau dạng so sánh nhất.

5. Whose: là đại từ quan hệ chỉ sở hữu. Whose đứng trước danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật và thay thế cho tính từ sở hữu hoặc sở hữu cách trước danh từ. Sau whose là 1 danh từ.

Ex: John found a cat. Its leg was broken.

=> John found a cat whose leg was broken.

II. RELATIVE ADVERBS

1. When: dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ thời gian, When được thay cho at/on/in + danh từ thời gian hoặc then.

Ex: May Day is a day. People hold a meeting on that day.

=> May Day is a day when people hold a meeting.

2. Where: dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ nơi chốn, When được thay cho at/on/in + danh từ nơi chốn hoặc there.

Ex: Do you know the country? I was born.

=> Do you know the country where I was born?

3. Why: dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ lí do. Why thay cho for which.

Ex: I don't know the reason. She left him alone.

=> I don't know the reason why she left him alone.

PART 2: EXERCISES

A. PHONETICS

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

1. A. blow B. modern C. electronic D. concentrate
2. A. distract B. tablet C. backpack D. debate

3. A. decoy B. educate C. concord D. decrease

4. A. expensive B. encounter C. excellent D. encourage

5. A. operate B. consider C. conclude D. correct

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

1. A. identify B. critical C. technology D. eliminate

2. A. continue B. amazing C. annoying D. calculate

3. A. disappear B. defining C. distracting D. specific

4. A. remember B. embarrass C. disappoint D. defining

5. A. Internet B. creative C. portable D. benefit

B. VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR

I. Complete the sentences, using relative clauses.

1. On the classroom blog, a teacher can upload video and image illustrations on specific subjects, which/ who can help students learn easily.

2. Parents whose/ who have to pay for mobile devices may be happy with the new method of teaching and its benefits.

3. Students will enjoy doing many activities, including games, puzzles, who/ whose purposes are the development of team spirits.

4. Several students which/ who are able to touch and interact with the smart table at the same time will work together more effectively.

5. The learning applications which/ who students can participate in using the smart table will encourage them to work together to solve problems.

6. There are interactive activities which/ who are available to be downloaded from the Internet.

7. The smart table has been used in several schools, which/ who brings many benefits to our students.

8. It is an electronic device which/ who students can start using as soon as the teacher has turned it on, without a lot of training earlier.

9. Teachers which/ who introduce activities to the whole class can work with smaller groups on the smart table to introduce discussions about the subject matter.

10. The applications which/ who come with the smart table can help students learn various subjects at school.

II. Put the correct word in the box to complete the sentences below.

physical	electronic	benefits	digital	motivate	personal
relative	technology	defining	applications	disruptive	mobile

1. The phrase ‘____digital_____ natives' refers to people who are familiar with computers and the Internet from an early age.

2. The Internet will ______motivate_______ students to study more effectively.

3. Please don't ask him questions about his family. He hates answering _____personal_____ questions.

4. Our students are very excited when they have opportunities to do _____physical_____ exercise.

5. My son, who is a promising pianist, is now interested in composing ____electronic_____ music.

6. Many teachers have now understood the _____benefits______ that mobile devices can bring.

7. I'm looking for some new ____applications_____ to put on my smartphone to improve my English pronunciation.

8. The ringing sound from mobile phones is _____disruptive_____ and annoying in the classroom.

9. People are now familiar with the term m-learning or ____mobile____ learning, which focuses on the use of personal electric devices.

10. In the grammar part of this unit we study _____relative_____ clauses.

11. That laptop, which has the latest ____technology______, is very expensive.

12. Some of my classmates think that it is not easy to know which clause is _____defining____ and which is non-defining.

III. Use 'who', 'which', 'that' or 'whose' to complete each of the sentences.

1. Vinh, _____who_____ is only two and a half, likes to play games on a tablet.

2. My tablet, ______which______ is two years old, still works quite well.

3. Personal electronic devices ____which____ distract students from their class work are banned in most schools.

4. Students _____who___ have smartphones can use them to look up words in an electronic dictionary.

5. Some scientists think that children _____whose____ parents allow them to use electronic devices early will have more advantages in the future.

6. The laptop ____whose____ cover is decorated with funny animals belongs to my aunt.

IV. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line.

1. Laptops and wireless technologies allow students to access ___information__ relevant to class topics immediately.

2. By allowing our students to use digital devices in class, we are creating an opportunity to teach them to think ____critically____ about technology use in their education and life.

3. Digital devices offer an opportunity to ____educate_____

students about media use.

4. Most of the teachers see the new classroom technology as _____useful______ in the educational process.

5. Almost every question students have in class is at their fingertips, ________

_____keeping____ them connected with what is going on around them.

6. The iPad, which is much more _____portable_____ than the laptop, has the same multi-touch interface as the iPod Touch.

7. Students who are English-language ____learners____ benefit

greatly from using specialized programs on their laptops.

8. Teachers are always looking at new ways to develop and ____improve____ their teaching.

9. With the easy Internet access and a variety of educational apps, smartphones have become the tools ____necessary____ to improve student learning.

10. With its high- ____resolution____ touch screen, the iPad is very useful for many tasks in class.

INFORM

CRITIC

EDUCATION

USE

KEEP

PORT

LEARN

IMPROVEMENT

NECESSITY

RESOLUTELY

V. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.

1. I see some girls ____ are pretty.

A. whom B. which C. who D. they

2. Give back the money ____ you took.

A. it B. who C. whom D. which

3. He was killed by a man ____ friends we know.

A. whose B. which C. whom D. that

4. He spoke to the messengers with ____ you were leaving.

A. which B. whom C. whose D. that

5. We captured a town ____ is in Spain.

A. whom B. where C. which D. it

6. The farmers ____ we saw were in the field.

A. whose B. which C. they D. whom

7. The women ____ I gave the money were glad.

A. to whom B. to that C. for whom D. for that

8. I know a boy ____ name is John.

A. who B. whose C. whom D. that

9. The man ____ you sent to the general has reported the victory.

A. whose B. which C. whom D. he

10. I saw those slaves ____ had been led to the city.

A. whose B. which C. whom D. who

11. While a child learns how to use educational ____, she also develops a(n) ____ to analyze, synthesize and evaluate information.

A. lessons – knowledge B. lessons - ability C. software - ability D. software - knowledge

12. E-books are typically ____ through a student's personal device, such as a notebook, tablet or cellphone.

A. concentrated B. accessed C. made D. stored

13. Students can also use word processing applications to ____ their vocabulary.

A. improve B. learn C. prove D. study

14. While not all apps are ____ on Android devices, the large majority of them can be accessed on iPhones, iPads, and iPods.

A. useful B. keen C. available D. fond

15. When used the right way, mobile technology has the ____ to help students learn more and understand that knowledge.

A. ability B. advantage C. development D. potential

16. Mr. Brown has created a list of the most useful apps for the classroom, ____ is available on his blog.

A. that B. which C. who D. whose

17. The school maintains learning profiles ____ provide detailed information about each student's strengths and weaknesses, ____ teachers use to personalize learning.

A. who - that B. they - that C. that - which D. whose - they

18. Many teachers have worked to chance their traditional classrooms into an environment ____ students can use the latest technology for their learning process.

A. whose B. who C. where D. that

19. My youngest son, ____ may be quiet or shy in a classroom, may become active in a social learning situation made possible by digital devices.

A. that B. who C . whose D. whom

20. Some teachers ____ levels of IT are not very high may resist teaching with electronic devices.

A. who B. whom C. whose D. which

VI. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed to make the sentence correct.

1. On the way home, we saw a lot of men, women, and dogs which were playing in the park. → that

A B C D

2. Tobacco was used ceremonially by the Indians, whom from settlers borrowed it as a luxury. → from whom

A B C D

3. The man whom remained in the office was the manager. → who

A B C D

4. This novel, which written by a well known writer, should be read. → written

A B C D

5. My friend George, that arrived late, was not permitted to enter the class. → who

A B C D

6. This is the only place which we can obtain scientific information. → where

A B C D

7. I don't know where could he have gone to so early in the morning. → why he could

A B C D

8. Chemistry is one branch of science on that most of the industries depend. → which

A B C D

9. 1975 is the year in when the revolution took place. → which

A B C D

10. Mr. Brown, that teaches me English, is coming today. → who

A B C D

C. READING

I. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only one word in each space.

sites	settings	ways	taken	application
horizons	virtual	whether	potential	that

Young children are increasingly using tablets as well as smartphones and other devices with touch screens in early education (1) ___ settings __ and with family members.

Tammy and Rose, age 4, have been studying sunflowers with their classmates. They want to sing and record a song about sunflowers while creating a drawing, using a(n) (2) ___ application ___ on the tablet. The girls have coordinated their efforts and are happy with the result.

To help the class learn more about sunflowers, Kathryn, Tammy and Rose's teacher, used the tablet to find online (3) ____sites____ with photos and facts. She then took the children on a (4) ___ virtual ____ tour of Van Gogh's sunflower paintings. They read and discussed an electronic picture book about Van Gogh's life. The children had already examined real sunflowers and their parts, made sketches, read informational texts and stories, counted seeds, and (5) ______taken_____ part in a variety of investigations, touching on every learning domain. The teacher's use of the tablet together with early practical learning activities expanded the children's (6) _____ horizons ____. Activities offered on the tablet provided new (7) ____ways____ for the children to represent and share what they learned.

Tablets have the (8) _____ potential ______ to be powered tools for early learning. The choices we make about how they are used determine (9) ____ whether _____ the technology is helpful or not. We need to develop “digital literacy” skills and decide how to use these new tools in ways (10) ______that______ can support every child's healthy development and learning.

II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

ELECTRONIC DEVICES THAT HELP YOU LEARN ENGLISH

There are many ways to learn English. With the increase in new technology, many companies are now providing new electronic (1) ____ to help people learn English more quickly.

You can (2) ____ the lessons from an English translation Internet site and put them on your iPod. Because it is portable, you can listen and learn anywhere.

English audio tapes and English audio CDs are a (3) ____ method of learning English. All you need is a cassette or CD player. You can learn in many (4) ____ including your car.

An electric translator or (5) ____ dictionary is an excellent tool one can use when traveling on a vacation, on a business trip, studying languages, conversing with foreign people, and in a variety of other situations. Many devices have a number of attributes that include advanced text-to-speech and voice recognition technologies. There are many good-quality electronic dictionaries on the market. (6) ____ on which one you purchase, there is an extensive range of vocabulary that can include up to one million words or (7) ____. There are also electronic dictionaries that contain common expressions and phrases, grammar references, and much more. Two popular hand-held English electronic dictionaries include the Talking Electronic Dictionary and the Audio Phrasebook. They include hundreds of thousands of words, definitions, and thesaurus entries. You can view the word on the screen and hear it spoken. It is likely that you have your own language (8) ____. Just speak into the device and you will be provided with an (9) ____ translation voice response.

Choosing an electronic device that helps you learn English has made learning and speaking English easier, faster, and more enjoyable. Before you purchase a device, make sure you research each product to find the English learning tool that (10) ____ your lifestyle.

1. A. asks B. ceremonies C. requests D. devices

2. A. bride B. regulations C. download D. notes

3. A. condition B. great C. relation D. wealth

4. A. beans B. boxes C. presents D. locations

5. A. bad B. electronic C. luck D. interest

6. A. Depending B. allows C. stops D. refuses

7. A. existence B. dead C. more D. divorce

8. A. flat B. interpreter C. house D. apartment

9. A. intelligible B. contribution C. difficulty D. reception

10. A. troubles B. problems C. ovals D. complements

D. WRITING

I. Combine each pair of sentences into one. Use comma (,) if neccessary.

1. The girl looked very upset. Her electronic dictionary broke down.

The girl whose electronic dictionary broke down looked very upset.

2. His grandmother had a great influence on his life. She was a hard – working woman.

His grandmother, who was a hard – working woman, had a great influence on his life.

3. Mai is interested in physics. I don't like it.

Mai is interested in physics, which I don't like.

4. Tom has hundreds of books. They are all in foreign languages.

Tom has hundreds of books, which are all in foreign languages.

5. Shakespeare was a famous playwright. His birthplace was Stratford - upon - Avon.

Shakespeare, whose birthplace was Stratford - upon – Avon, was a famous playwright.

6. I will always remember the teacher. He taught me how to read and write.

I will always remember the teacher who taught me how to read and write.

II. Complete the sentences, using a relative pronoun.

1. The pub is opposite the Town Hall. I first met my wife there.

The pub where I first met my wife is opposite the Town Hall.

2. He was sitting on a chair. It was uncomfortable.

He was sitting on a chair which was uncomfortable.

3. He smokes cigarettes. They are very strong.

He smokes cigarettes which are very strong.

4. Let me see the pictures. You took them at Peter's wedding.

Let me see the pictures which you took at Peter's wedding.

5. Some people only think about money. I don't like them.

I don't like some people who only think about money.

6. Do you know that lady? I repaired her car.

Do you know that lady whose car I repaired?

7. That girl is Swedish. Tom is in love with her.

That girl is Swedish who Tom is in love with.

8. John has bought a house. There are ghosts in that house.

John has bought a house where/ in which there are ghosts.

9. Some people drive drunk. I never travel with them.

I never travel with some people who drive drunk.

10. A man stole £10,000 from a bank. The police have caught him.

A man whom the police have caught stole £10,000 from a bank.

PART 3: TEST YOURSELF

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

1. A. throw B. though C. thick D. thought

2. A. check B. cheese C. chemistry D. cherry

3. A. result B. evolution C. hundred D. button

4. A. hear B. read C. mean D. reach

5. A. content B. electricity C. species D. sentence

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

1. A. expensive B. different C. personal D. general

2. A. delicious B. encourage C. excited D. digital

3. A. practical B. official C. successful D. surprising

4. A. different B. imagine C. relative D. following

5. A. astonished B. religion C. excellent D. effective

III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.

1. The people ____ courage you praised are now citizens.

A. whose B. which C. whom D. that

2. Your folks ____ live in farmhouses do not like the life of the city.

A. whose B. who C. they D. which

3. Those towns ____ you were looking at in Gaul are small.

A. who B. where C. which D. whom

4. In Helvetia I have seen a large city ____ many people live.

A. at which B. which C. on which D. in which

5. Tom, ____ is not my friend is my enemy.

A. who B. which C. whom D. A&B

6. I sent my friend the books ____ I had written.

A. who B. which C. whom D. what

7. Behind the farmhouse there was a large garden, ____ the farmer and his sons were working

A. for which B. which C. in which D. that

8. Did you see the men ____ I gave the money?

A. to whom B. which C. from whom D. to that

9. She sends me the book ____ she ____ two years ago.

A. whom / writes B. whose /wrote C. which/ writes D. which / wrote

10. The man ____ spoke to John is my brother.

A. whom B. who C. whose D. which

11. A teacher can create a classroom blog ____ they post notes and assignments for students.

A. where B. that C. who D. whose

12. Students ____ seem to be taking notes on their laptop are sometimes surfing the Internet in class.

A. who B. which C. whose D. they

13. Notebooks, tablets and cellphones are all technology ____ students are accustomed to and can use as learning aids.

A. when B. whose C. that D. where

14. All smartphones ____ storage hardware is big can store downloaded audio books.

A. which B. who C. whose D. that

15. Science teachers ____ use the 3D projectors and other electronic devices can easily illustrate the lessons.

A. whom B. what C. who D. whose

16. Letting students use their own digital devices in class can improve the ____ experience in many ways.

A. educated B. educational C. uneducated D. educator

17. The use of mobile apps in learning has been very ____.

A. stressing B. wasteful C. promising D. dangerous

18. We are looking to find ____ ways to stimulate learning and continually trying to improve the way we teach.

A. portable and mobile B. new and creative

C. ineffective and inappropriate D. shocking and amazing

19. Mobile devices increase opportunities for learning after school hours and increase teachers’____ and their comfort levels with technology.

A. behavior B. lines C. ability D. paths

20. The teacher was surprised to discover that his students are quieter and more focused on their assignments when they are allowed to listen to their soft music during ____.

A. private work B. private homework

C. individual homework D. individual classwork

IV. Use 'who', 'which', 'that' or 'whose' to complete each of the sentences.

1. People ____ whose ____ work involves using a computer for most of the day may suffer from headaches.

2. Mr Xuan Truong, _____ who ______ was my first teacher, received an award for teaching excellence.

3. That's Peter, _____ whose _____ father has just come back from the Philipines.

4. That media player, _____ which _____ I often use to practise English, has some great apps.

5. The house _____ which ______ my father built is big.

6. The woman ______ who ____ you have just spoken to is my favourite English teacher.

V. Complete the sentences with the following given words.

digital

personal

mobile

technology

electronic

applications

1. My son, who is a promising pianist, is now interested in composing _____ electronic ______ music.

2. Please don't ask him questions about his family. He hates answering ______ personal ____ questions.

3. The phrase ‘_____digital_____ natives' refers to people who are familiar with computers and the Internet from an early age.

4. I'm looking for some new ____ applications ___ to put on my smartphone to improve my English pronunciation.

5. That laptop, which has the latest _____ technology _____, is very expensive.

6. People are now familiar with the term m - learning or ____mobile____ learning, which focuses on the use of personal electronic devices.

VI. Choose the word in the box to complete the text.

access to	enable	both	make	up to us
tool	teach	have seen	environments	through

Technology has become an essential (1) _____tool____ in our lives. Schools should find ways of integrating new technologies into classrooms so that students find it easy to learn new subjects as well as (2) ____enable____ teachers to explain subjects in detail using visual formats. Using technological devices like computers will (3) _____make______ education more fun and interesting for the students. The past ten years (4) ___have seen____ tremendous change in educational technologies and it is time to bring these technologies to our students in the classroom so that they learn easily and efficiently. Teachers will need to learn how to use these technologies so that they (5) ____teach_____ their students on how to use them.

We have seen that private business community has found ways of improving the way we learn by creating educational applications for (6) ____both_____ computers and mobile phones. With a good use of these applications, schools can improve on how students learn and how they get (7) _____access to______

academic information.

New application like YouTube can be used in video and visual education. If a student can learn (8) _____through____ visual or video illustrations, they will always remember that subject being explained, because the brain can easily understand and remember visual objects.

The development of online and offline educational (9) ___ environments ___ will make learning so simple. Now it is (10) ___up to us___ to apply these educational technologies in the classroom and make learning easier.

VII. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

Electronic learning is a technology of education that implies self-motivation, communication, efficiency, and technology. E-learning is effective as it (1) ____ distances because the e-learning content is designed (2) ____ media that can be (3) ____ from properly equipped computers, and other means of internet accessible technology.

E-learning has its own advantages. However, the most important advantages (4) ____

in the reduction of time, efforts and cost.

Furthermore, we can talk about the following (5) ____ of E-learning with the increasing of communication between the student and themselves and between the student and the school a fast and easy way is needed to bring everybody together.

Throughout different directions such as discussing forums, e-mail, and chat rooms, (6) ____ think that these things increase and motivate students to participate and react with the subjects in question.

Another advantage of e-learning as that it makes all students feel equal. Since the communication tools give (7) ____ students the opportunity to express his own opinion clearly and directly at any time without being embarrassed, in contrary to the traditional teaching halls (8) ____ don't have such a feature due to the bad distribution of the tables or because of shyness or other reasons.

E-learning provides teachers with great facilities that are accessible out of working hours, that is because the learner can send the inquiries to the teacher through the e-mail at (9) ____ time, yet this feature is more useful and suitable for the teacher instead of being instead of being restricted at his desk.

By e-learning the attendance is not necessary as the new technology provides the communication (10) ____ without the need to be available in a specific place or time.

1. A. instrument B. equipment C. machine D. eliminates

2. A. with B. enables C. make D. makes

3. A. add B. put C. cause D. accessed

4. A. see B. saw C. lay D. has seen

5. A. ask B. advantages C. learn D. request

6. A. only B. either C. researchers D. not only

7. A. each B. possibility of C. method of D. right about

8. A. about B. which C. of D. for

9. A. settings B. sights C. surroundings D. any

10. A. up to our B. time to us C. methods D. in time