B. GRAMMAR REVIEW

I. MODALS (ĐỘNG TỪ KHUYẾT THIẾU)

Modals (Động từ khuyết thiếu)	Functions (Chức năng)	Examples (Ví dụ)
can, could (có thể)	ability (khả năng)	I can't work as hard as she does.
should, ought to (nên)	advice or duty (lời khuyên, bổn phận)	Boys should / ought to do housework. We should / ought to meet more often.
must (phải)	duty (bổn phận)	Students must do their homework.
can, could, may (có thể)	permission (cho phép)	You can have a day off if you're tired. May I go out?
may, might, can, could (có lẽ, có thể)	possibility(khả năng)	We can/could /may/ might / go out for dinner tonight.
can't, mustn't, may not (không thể không được, có lẽ không)	prohibition (cấm)	She can't go out in such cold weather. You mustn't cheat in the exams. You may not wear slippers to school.
may, will, would	request (yêu cầu)	Would you mind if I sat here? Will you please take a message?

II. MODAL VERBS IN PASSIVE VOICE

ĐỘNG TỪ KHUYẾT THIẾU TRONG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG

Active:

can / may / must                                     have to S +                   used to                        + V ought to                                     should

 

Passive:

can / may / must have to S +                   should                                     + be     + V­­­­­3 used to ought to should

Ex:       The manager should sign these contracts today.

These contracts should be signed by the manager today.

PART 2: EXERCISES

A. PHONETICS

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

1. A. tender                 B. garnish                    C. drain                       D. sprinkle

2. A. gender                B. enroll                      C. preference               D. secondary

3. A. grill                     B. garnish                    C. dip                          D. slice

4. A. sue                      B. spend                      C. sure                         D. pursue

5. A. head                  B. spread                     C. cream                      D. bread

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

1. A. workforce           B. trouble                    C. machine                  D. female

2. A. admire                B. freedom                  C. fighter                     D. image

3. A. progress              B. career                      C. busy                        D. mistake

4. A. accept                 B. student                   C. problem                  D. open

5. A. courage               B. office                      C. inspire                     D. person

B. VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR

I. Complete the sentences with "will, shall, would, could, can, must, should, may, might”

1. _____Will______ you talk to your parents before you decide to join the police forces, Mai?

2. You _________mustn’t____________ pick those flowers. Don't you see the sign?

3. Some people think married women ________shouldn’t_________ pursue a career.

4. Remember to bring a raincoat with you. It ______might__________ rain later.

5. My brother is good at cooking and he ______can_______ cook very delicious food.

6. We ________must_______ stop when the traffic lights are red.

7. _____May________ school boys study needlework and cookery? - Yes, of course.

II. Choose the correct passive modals to complete the sentences.

1. A child mustn't be given/ should not be given everything he or she wants.

2. He might be presented/ may be presented with an award for his hard work on gender equality.

3. The entire lake can be seen/ should be seen from their flat on the 7th floor.

4. Efforts should be made/ can be made to offer all children equal access to education.

5. Sunrise might be observed/ can be observed in the early morning hours.

6. I think everybody should be provided/ must be provided with equal access to health service.

7. My brother may be asked/ will be asked to join the police forces.

8. Our teacher told us that all of our assignments must be written/ should be written in ink.

9. The afternoon meeting must be postponed/ might be postponed because three of five commitee members are unable to attend.

10. Children should not be allowed/ can't be allowed to play violent video games.

11. Milk should be kept/ must be kept in the fridge or it will go sour.

12. Important work will be done/ can be done first.

III. Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word in the box.

pursue	Working	issues	admired	courage
equal	inspire	workforce	decisions	irresponsibility

1. Having the same routine regularly without any rest may lead to health ______issues______ and other problems which also ruin the family life.

2. Working mothers can ________ inspire __________ their kids with their hard work and devotion.

3. Now I wish I could _______ pursue ________ a medical career to become a doctor.

4. A working mother has to manage both home and office at an ________ equal _________ level that is too much on a holiday basis.

5. Two thirds of the ________ workforce ________ in this textile factory is female.

6. All of the students have _________ admired _________ his excellent teaching.

7. ______ Working _______ mothers are not able to devote enough time to their kids, so the kids are not able to express their feeling with parents.

8. Educated women are becoming more independent and they may not wait for their husband's ___ decisions __.

9. This female firefighter is famous for her ______ courage _______ and strong will.

10. Due to office work, working mothers may develop feelings of for ____ irresponsibility ___ for the family, affecting their children's health.

IV. Fill in each blank with ONE suitable preposition.

1. She worked as a nurse ____for____ the Red Cross and got to know many of the wounded pilots.

2. This year, more girls are expected to enroll ___________in________ the first grade.

3. She became the first woman to fly ______across______ the Atlantic Ocean and the first person to fly over both the Atlantic and Pacific.

4. Many young people are not interested in sports. I have to force my sons _______to____ play tennis or go swimming.

5. She set many other records, wrote best-selling books, contributed to The Ninety Nines, gave advice to women _____on______ careers and helped inspire others.

6. The Vietnamese government has done a lot _______to______ eliminate hunger and poverty.

7. She mysteriously disappeared ________in_____ a flight.

8. We do not allow any kind of discrimination ________against______ women and girls.

9. The members _______of_______ our family have equal rights and responsibilities.

10. Most parents don't want to find _______out______ the gender of their babies before birth.

V. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line.

1. Margaret Thatcher was the first woman to lead a ____major_____ political party in the UK/ United Kingdom. 2. She was the first British female Prime Minister and was the longest ____serving_____ PM for over 150 years. 3. Her first term in office was not easy, but her government successfully reduced the _____unemployment______ rate and improved the economy. 4. Her _____reputation_____ was gradually built up, which led to her re-election in 1983 and a third term in office in 1987. 5. Thatcher worked very hard to be a good wife and mother as well as one of the most famous British ___politicians____, whose nickname was the Iron Lady. 6. All her life, she tirelessly ______fought_____ for her beliefs. Not everyone agreed with her methods. 7. Everyone must be aware that housework is a shared _____responsibility____ among all family members, not just women. 8. Through a joint project involving the World Bank, UNICEF hopes to help the government _____provide_____ all children with textbooks at the beginning of each school year. 9. In the workplace, women should be given _______equal______ opportunities as men. 10. Until now, the high cost of schooling has _______discouraged_____ or prevented poor parents from having their children, especially girls, educated.

MAJORITY   SERVE   EMPLOY   REPUTE   POLITIC   FIGHT   RESPONSIBLE   PROVISION     EQUALLY   COURAGE

VI. Find and correct the mistakes.

1. The work should do by one of the students. → should be done

2. You will be tell the story later. → told

3. I'll be pay at the end of the month. → paid

4. This wine can be serve with seafood. → served

5. Music with strong rhythm and harmony could heard on his debut album. → be heard

6. The students must give enough time to finish their tests. → be given

VII. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.

1. Since 2009, Iceland has been the global ____ in gender equality.

A. leader                     B. leads                       C. leading                                D. lead

2. A common reason that someone ____ more for similar work is because of his or her experience or "length of service”.

A. may be paid            B. should not be paid              C. can be paid             D. must be paid

3. For the past five years, Iceland has been in the first rank of educational achievement and ____ in women's economic conditions.

A. improve                  B. improvement                      C. improving               D. improved

4. True gender equality ____ when both men and women reach a balance between work and family.

A. can achieve             B. should be achieved             C. can be achieved      D. should achieve

5. On October 24, 1975, more than 25 thousand women in Iceland took a day off to emphasize the importance of women's ____ to the economy, both in paid and unpaid work.

A. contribute               B. contributed                                     C. contributing            D. contribution

6. Gender equality is also a part of the ____ to the challenges facing society.

A. solution                  B. solute                                  C. solves                      D. solve

7. The ____ of women in the labour market in Iceland is one of the highest in the world.

A. participate              B. participating                       C. participation           D. participated

8. The least equal country in the world for women, ranking 145th, was Yemen, where only 55% of women can read and only 6% ____ college.

A. attend                     B. enroll                      C. go                           D. tend

9. UNICEF says that ____ to education is one of the biggest challenges facing children in Yemen today, especially girls.

A. access                     B. get                          C. connect                   D. search

10. Until now, the high cost of schooling has discouraged or prevented poor parents from having their children, ____ girls, educated.

A. especially                B. specially                  C. and                         D. with

11. All forms of discrimination against all women and girls ____ immediately everywhere.

A. must be taken away           B. must be ended        C. must be allowed                 D. must be followed

12. Moreover, a lack of female teachers contributes to low ____ of girls in schools.

A. enrolment               B. application              C. participation                       D. gender

13. UNICEF is now ____ schools and families with educational supplies to help lower costs.

A. providing                B. improving               C. contributing                        D. making

14. Women with high qualifications ____ to managers.

A. must promote         B. must be promoted              C. most move              D. most be moved

15. Through a joint project involving the World Bank, UNICEF ____ to help the government provide all children with textbooks at the beginning of each school year.

A. hopes                      B. want                       C. plans                       D. investigate

C. READING

I. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only one word in each space.

incomes	service	earnings	bartenders	occupation
workforce	compared	gender	inequality	reinforcement

Gender Equality in the United States of America

In the United States, the gender earnings ratio suggests that there has been an increase in women's earnings (1) _____ compared _______ to men. Men’s plateau in earnings began after the 1970s, allowing for the increase in women's wages to close the ratio between (2) _____ incomes ______. Despite the smaller ratio between men and women's wages, disparity still exists. Census data suggests that women's earnings are 71 percent of men's (3) _______ earnings _________ in 1999.

As women entered the (4) _____ workforce ______ in larger numbers since the 1960s, occupations have become segregated based on the level of femininity or masculinity associated with each (5) ___ occupation ___. Census data suggests that some occupations have become more gender integrated (mail carriers, (6) __________ bartenders ______, bus drivers, and real estate agents). In other areas, however, the reverse is true: occupations such as teachers, nurses, secretaries, and librarians have become female-dominated while occupations including architects, electrical engineers, and airplane pilots remain predominately male in composition. Women seem to occupy jobs in the (7) ____ service _____ sector at higher rates then men. Women's overrepresentation in these jobs as opposed to jobs that require managerial work acts as a (8) ________ reinforcement _____ of women and men into traditional (9) ____ gender ____ role that might influence persisting gender (10) ______ inequality _____.

II. Choose the best answers to the following questions.

Sonita Alizadeh was born and grew up in Afghanistan until she was eight when the family fled to Iran because of war. Sonita remembers her childhood of hunger, aerial bombardment and Taliban fighters. In Iran, she couldn't get a formal education because of not having proper identification. She had to clean bathrooms and learnt the basics of how to read and write herself.

Sonita watched music videos on TV to kill her free time and learnt the styles of Iranian rapper Yas and US rapper Eminem. She started to write songs about her life as a refugee, child worker and especially a female. Other songs are about her girl friends with broken spirits after arguing and begging their parents not to sell them. Her songs have empowered her friends to protest against forced marriages which account for 60-80 per cent of Afghan marriages.

Things were all right until they weren't. Sonita's mother asked her to come back to Afghanistan as she needed 7,000 dowry to prepare for Sonita's brother's wedding. Her mother thought she could sell Sonita for a man with 9,000 dowry. Devastated by her mother's wish, Sonita fought by making a music video "Daughters for Sale" with the help of an Iranian filmmaker. Thanks to the video, the Strongheart Group contacted her and gave her a scholarship in the US where she now can go to school and remain single.

1. What did Sonita do to earn money in Iran?

A. She wrote songs and rapped.         B. She cleaned bathrooms.                 C. She made music videos.

2. What is TRUE about Sonita's songs?

A. They were banned in Iran.

B. They have given girls strength to protest against arranged marriages.

C. They're about her love of her homeland Afghanistan.

3. How did Sonita feel when her mother wanted to sell her?

A. Extremely upset and shocked        B. Calm and indifferent                      C. Angry and hateful

4. Where does Sonita live now?

A. Afghanistan                                   B. Iran                                                 C. The USA

D. WRITING

I. Rewrite the sentence using modal verbs in passive.

1. Ann can't use her office at the moment.

    Her office can’t be used by Ann at the moment.

2. I have to finish my work now.

    My work has to be finished now.

3. You must do your task.

    Your task must be done.

4. Governments should offer poor women more help.

    Poor women should be offered more help by governments.

5. We must do something before it's too late.

    Something must be done before it’s too late.

6. My uncle may earn 500$ a day.

    500$ a day may be earned by my uncle.

7. He might have caught the fish.

    The fish might have been caught by him.

8. They will sue the company for wage discrimination.

    The company will be sued for wage discrimination.

9. She could have washed the dress.

    The dress could have been washed by her.

10. She can't pick many flowers.

      Many flowers can’t be picked by her.

II. Rewrite the sentence using modal verbs in passive.

1. Parents should give children a lot of love.

    Children should be given a lot of love by parents.

2. Each student must write an essay on gender equality.

    An essay on gender equality must be written by each student.

3. You must wash your hands.

    Your hands must be washed.

4. He can speak four languages.

    Four languages can be spoken by him.

5. You must keep dogs outside shops.

    Dogs must be kept outside shops.

6. The Vietnamese government will make more progress in gender equality.   

    More progress will be made by the Vietnamese government in gender equality.

7. Children should treat old men with respect.

    Old men should be treated with respect by children.

8. They should give men and women equal pay for equal work.

    Men and women should be given equal pay for equal work.

9. My classmates used to call me John.

    I used to be called John by my classmates.

10. He can't repair my bike.

      My bike can’t be repaired by him.

PART 3: TEST YOURSELF

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

1. A. aware                  B. family                     C. planet                      D. married

2. A. sauce                  B. steam                      C. sugar                       D. stew

3. A. marinate             B. grate                       C. shallot                     D. staple

4. A. maintain             B. string                      C. present                    D. often

5. A. enroll                  B. happen                    C. pursue                     D. affect

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

1. A. advice                 B. amazed                   C. reply                       D. gender

2. A. major                  B. female                     C. police                      D. famous

3. A. support               B. women                    C. pursue                     D. employ

4. A. conflict               B. married                   C. aware                      D. alone

5. A. correct                B. follow                     C. party                       D. workforce

III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.

1. UNICEF is working both nationally and regionally to educate the public on the ____ of educating girls.

A. importance             B. development                       C. enrollment                          D. hesitation

2. Reducing gender ____ improves productivity and economic growth of a nation.

A. equality                  B. inequality                            C. possibility                           D. rights

3. The gender ____ in education in Yemen is among the highest in the world.

A. gap                         B. generation                           C. sex                                      D. male

4. Gender equality ____ only when women and men enjoy the same opportunities.

A. will achieve            B. achieves                  C. achieve                               D. will be achieved

5. International Women's Day is an occasion to make more ____ towards achieving gender equality.

A. movement              B. progress                  C. improvement                      D. development

6. In Muslim countries, changes ____ to give women equal rights to natural or economic resources, as well as access to ownership.

A. may make               B. will make                C. must be made                     D. can make

7. Women are more likely to be victims of ____ violence.

A. domestic                 B. household               C. home                                   D. family

8. In order to reduce gender inequality in South Korean society, women ____ more opportunities by companies.

A. will prove               B. should provide       C. may be provided                D. should be provided

9. In Yemen, women have less ____ to property ownership, credit, training and employment

A. possibility               B. way                         C. use                          D. access

10. Child marriage ____ in several parts in the world because it limits access to education and training.

A. must stop                B. will be stopped                   C. must be stopped                 D. can be stop

11. The principle of equal pay is that men and women doing ____ work should get paid the same amount.

A. same                       B. alike                        C. similar                     D. identical

12. In Egypt, female students from disadvantaged families ____ scholarships to continue their studies.

A. will be given           B. can be given           C. may be given          D. must be given

13. In Korea, many people still feel that women should be in charge of ____ after getting married.

A. housekeeping         B. homemaker             C. house husband                    D. householder

14. Discrimination on the basis of gender ____ from workplaces.

A. should be removed             B. must be removed        C. can be removed              D. will be removed

IV. Choose the best word to complete the sentences below.

access	eliminated	discrimination	progress
preference	caretaker	rights	gender equality

1. Much has to be done to achieve ______ gender equality ______ in employment opportunities.

2. Employers give ________ preference ________ to university graduates.

3. People have _______ eliminated ______ poverty and hunger in many parts of the world.

4. Both genders should be provided with equal _______rights______ to education, employment and healthcare.

5. Internet ________access______ is available everywhere in this city.

6. A person looking after someone who is sick, disabled or old at home is a ______ caretaker ______.

7. We should not allow any kind of ______ discrimination _______ against women and girls.

8. People in this country have made good ______ progress ______ in eliminating domestic violence.

V. Find and correct the mistake.

1. I think fast food should be sold in schools. → should not be sold

2. Domestic violence against women and girls will eliminated when governments and people co-operate.

→ be eliminated

3. The text books can't be buy today because they have sold out. → can’t be bought

4. Do you think that overeating can cause people being overweight? → to be

5. Your car must serviced regularly if you want it to be in good condition. → must be serviced

6. You look so tired. Go to the doctor's and you will give some days off. → will be given

VI. Complete the sentences with the correct word in the box.

force	gender	enrol
eliminate	equal	discrimination

1. Our family members have _______equal______ rights and responsibilities.

2. Many young people are not interested in sports. I have to ______force______ my sons to play tennis or go swimming.

3. We do not allow any kind of ________ discrimination ______ against women and girls.

4. Most parents don't want to find out the ______gender______ of their babies before birth.

5. The Vietnamese government has done a lot to ________eliminate_______ hunger and poverty.

6. This year, more girls are expected to _________enrol_________ in the first grade.

VII. Choose the word in the box to complete the text.

right	unpaid	inequalities	vital	discrimination
exploitation	parity	legislation	remarkable	multiplier

Ending all forms of (1) ____ discrimination _____ against women and girls is not only a basic human (2) _______right_______, but it also crucial to accelerating sustainable development. It has been proven time and again, that empowering women and girls has a (3) ______ multiplier _______ effect, and helps drive up economic growth and development across the board.

Since 2000, UNDP, together with our UN partners and the rest of the global community, has made gender equality central to our work. We have seen (4) ____ remarkable ____ progress since then. More girls are now in school compared to 15 years ago, and most regions have reached gender (5) _____ parity _____

in primary education. Women now make up to 41 percent of paid workers outside of agriculture, compared to 35 percent in 1990.

The SDGs aim to build on these achievements to ensure that there is an end to discrimination against women and girls everywhere. There are still huge (6) ____ inequalities ____ in the labour market in some regions, with women systematically denied equal access to jobs. Sexual violence and (7) ____ exploitation ___, the unequal division of (8) _____unpaid____ care and domestic work, and discrimination in public office, all remain huge barriers.

Affording women equal rights to economic resources such as land and property are (9) ____vital____ targets to realizing this goal. So is ensuring universal access to sexual and reproductive health. Today there are more women in public office than ever before, but encouraging women leaders will help strengthen policies and (10) ______ legislation ______ for greater gender equality.

VIII. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

GENDER ROLES IN PARENTING AND MARRIAGE

Gender roles develop (1) ____ internalisation and identification during childhood. Sigmund Freud suggested that biology determines gender identity through (2) ____ with either the mother or the father. While some people agree with Freud, others (3) ____ that the development of the “gendered self” is not completely determined by biology, but rather the interactions that one has with the primary caregiver(s).

From birth, parents (4) ____ differently with children depending on their sex, and through this interaction parents can instill different values or traits in their children on the basis of what is (5) ____ for their sex. This internalisation of gender norms includes the choice of toys (“feminine” toys often reinforce interaction, nurturing, and closeness, “masculine” toys often reinforce independence and competitiveness) that a parents give to their children. Education also plays an (6) ____ role in the creation of gender norms.

Gender roles that are created in childhood may permeate throughout life and help to structure (7) ____ and marriage, especially in relation to work in and outside home. Despite the increasing number of women in the labor (8) ____, women are still responsible for the majority of domestic chores and childcare. While women split their time between work and care of the home, men in many societies are pressured into being the primary economic supporter of the home. (9) ____ the fact that different households may divide chores more evenly, there is evidence supporting the fact that women have retained the primary caregiver role within familial life despite contributing economically to the household. This evidence suggest that women (10) ____ work outside the home often put an extra 18 hours a week doing household or childcare related chores as opposed to men who average 12 minutes a day in childcare activities.

1. A. with                    B. through                   C. upon                       D. across

2. A. health                 B. fitness                     C. identification          D. balance

3. A. argue                  B. claim                       C. discuss                    D. debate

4. A. acquaint              B. relate                       C. interact                   D. make

5. A. confusing           B. passive                    C. native                      D. normative

6. A. integral               B. exact                       C. fact                         D. true

7. A. offspring            B. family                     C. parenting                D. parents

8. A. force                   B. power                     C. strength                  D. health

9. A. without               B. in                            C. Despite                   D. on

10. A. which               B. who                        C. whose                     D. that

IX. Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.

Today, more and more women are actively participating in social activities both in urban and rural areas. Specifically, they have shined brightly in even many fields commonly regarded as the man's areas such as business, scientific research and social management. In some areas, women even show more overwhelming power than men. The image of contemporary Vietnamese women with creativeness, dynamism, success has become popular in Vietnam's society. The fact reveals that the gender gap has been remarkably narrowed and women enjoy many more opportunities to pursue their social careers and obtain success, contributing to national socio-economic development. According to Ms, Le Thi Quy, Director of the Gender/and Development Research Centre under the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Hanoi National University, gender equity in Vietnam has reached a high level over the past decade. The rate of Vietnamese women becoming National Assembly members from the 9^th term to the 11^th term increased 8.7%, bringing the proportion of Vietnamese women in authority to 27.3%, the highest rate in Southeast Asia. There is no big gap in the level of literacy and schooling between men and women. Women account for about 37% of university and college graduates, 19.9% of doctoral degree holders and 6.7% of professors and associate professors.

The legitimate rights of women and children are ensured more than ever before with more complete legal documents including laws, conventions and national action plans, among which the laws on "gender equity" mark a turning-point in the empowerment of women.

Mass media also highlights the continued success of women in every field and honors their great importance in modern society, helping to do away with outdated perceptions about traditional women's duties. Many projects on reproductive health care, children protection, and family income improvement jointly conducted by various mass organizations, state agencies and non-governmental organizations have created favorable conditions for women to become involved.

1. The text is about ____.

A. the changes in the status of Vietnamese women

B. the Vietnamese women's liberation

C. the Vietnamese sex discrimination

D. the discrimination that Vietnamese women have to face

2. Which adjective is not used to describe Vietnamese women?

A. successful               B. creative                   C. narrow                    D. dynamic

3. According to the data in the text, ____.

A. Vietnamese women do not take part in authority

B. the level of literacy and schooling between men and women in Vietnam is the same

C. there are more women in authority in Vietnam than those in any other countries in Southeast Asia

D. there are no female professors in Vietnam

4. Vietnamese women ____.

A. have fewopportunities to develop their intellectual ability

B. have only shined brightly in doing housework

C. cannot do any scientific research

D. are ensured their rights with laws, conventions and national action plans

5. Which is not mentioned in the text as a project to create condition for Vietnamese women?

A. Traditional women's duties                        B. Reproductive health care

C. Children protection                                                D. Family income improvement