B. GRAMMAR REVIEW

I. REPORTED SPEECH WITH CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (câu điều kiện gián tiếp)

1. Tường thuật câu điều kiện loại 1:

- Nếu trong câu nói trực tiếp có câu tường thuật cầu điều kiện tiếng Anh loại 1, khi chuyển sang dạng tường thuật sẽ lùi 1 thì thành câu điều kiện loại 2.

Ex:       Jim said "If I catch the bus, I'll be home by six".

=> Jim said that if he caught the bus, he would be home by six.

(Jim nói rằng nếu anh ta bắt kịp xe buýt, anh ta sẽ về nhà vào lúc 6 giờ.)

Khi chuyển thành câu tường thuật phải lùi 1 thì: catch thành caught, will be home thành would be home.

2. Tường thuật câu điều kiện loại 2:

- Khác với cầu điều kiện loại 1 trong cấu tường thuật, cầu điều kiện loại 2 khi chuyển từ câu nói trực tiếp sang tường thuật không cần thay đổi về thì.

Ex:       My mom said to me "If you had a permit, you could find a job".

=> My mom told me that if I had a permit, I could find a job.

Mẹ tôi nói với tôi là nếu tôi có giấy phép, tôi có thể đi tìm việc. Không có sự khác biệt về thì giữa câu

nói trực tiếp và câu tường thuật.

3. Tường thuật câu điều kiện loại 3:

- Tương tự như tường thuật cầu điều kiện tiếng Anh loại 2, ở câu điều kiện loại 3 khi chuyển câu nói trực tiếp sang tường thuật cũng không cần thay đổi về thì.

Ex:       Tom said "If Jenna had loved me, she wouldn't have left like that"

=> Tom said that if Jenna had loved him, she wouldn't have left like that.

Tom nói rằng nếu Jenna yêu anh ta, cô ấy đã không bỏ đi như vậy. Không có sự khác biệt về thì giữa câu

nói trực tiếp và cấu tường thuật.

4. Tường thuật câu điều kiện: If + mệnh đề yêu cầu, đề nghị

Chúng ta hãy cùng xem xét ví dụ sau:

Jack said "If you have time, clean the living room"

=> Jack told me to clean the living room if I had time. (Jack bảo tôi dọn phòng khách nếu tôi rảnh.)

Hoặc    Jack said "If you have time, would you clean the living room?"

=> Jack asked me to clean the living room if I had time.

(Jack hỏi tôi rằng tôi có thể dọn phòng khách không nếu tôi có thời gian rảnh?)

3. Tường thuật cấu điều kiện: If + mệnh để mang ý nghĩa lời khuyên

Xem xét thử ví dụ sau:

The doctor said "If you are ill, you should go to bed earlier".

=> 'The doctor advised me to go to bed earlier if I was ill.

=> The doctor advised that if I was ill, I should go to bed earlier.

(Bác sĩ khuyên tôi nên đi ngủ sớm nếu tôi bị ốm.)

Nhận xét:

- Một khi chuyển câu trực tiếp có ý nghĩa khuyên nhủ, bạn nên lùi như tường thuật cầu điều kiện tiếng Anh loại 1, 2, 3 thông thường. Nên thay động từ said bằng advised để thể hiện ý nghĩa đưa ra lời khuyên và sử dụng cấu trúc advise somebody to do something (khuyên một ai làm việc gì đó) hoặc cấu trúc advise that + mệnh đề.

- Tương tự như cầu đề nghị, yêu cầu, trong trường hợp này chúng ta cũng chuyển mệnh đề if xuống cuối câu, đứng sau mệnh đề chính khi dùng advise somebody to do something.

PART 2: EXERCISES

A. PHONETICS

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

1. A. studies                B. business                  C. functions                D. numbers

2. A. nurse                   B. films                       C. stops                       D. coughs

3. A. language             B. program                  C. England                  D. applicant

4. A. English               B. French                    C. American                D. Celtic

5. A. China                  B. Latin                       C. skin                         D. pronunciation

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

1. A. happen                B. visit                         C. travel                      D. develop

2. A. offer                   B. listen                       C. precede                   D. follow

3. A. interview            B. appropriate             C. employ                    D. describe

4. A. support               B. fascinate                 C. accept                     D. believe

5. A. inform                B. appeal                     C. attempt                   D. hesitate

B. VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR

I. Use the words given in the box to complete the sentences.

anti-ageing                  anti-acne             prescription             immune                       nutritious

expectancy                   meditation              healthy                  sugar - free                  stress - free

1. My doctor said that these natural remedies can boost my _______ immune _______ system.

2. One of the main responsibilities of a dietitian is to promote ______ nutritious _______ and balanced diets.

3. _______ sugar - free ______ drinks are better for your teeth and general health.

4. In addition to a nutritious diet, a ____ stress - free ______ lifestyle can boost your health and increase your life expectancy.

5. The development of effective medicines has contributed to the increase in the average life ___ expectancy __ in some countries.

6. An hour of _______ meditation _______ can help you to relieve your stress.

7. Some people believe that ______ anti-ageing _______ foods can make them younger.

8. Home-made ______ anti-acne _______ masks based on fruits are completely natural and inexpensive.

9. Doctors should use more legible handwriting when giving _____ prescription _______.

10. Some people believe that keeping a diary of daily activities is one simple way to help you to stay

_____ healthy _____.

II. Choose the correct words in brackets to complete the sentences.

1. Antibacterial / Meditation takes many forms, but its core is the ability to control the mind and quieten it down.

2. Learning is the most fundamental brain workout / cholesterol-free - and the more you do it, the more you'll benefit.

3. Research for more recent periods shows a surprising and continuing improvement in life expectancy / oil-free among those aged 80 or above.

4. Many individuals through the ages realised there was a very important link between health, exercise, fitness, meditation, intelligence and longevity / anti-glare.

5. A research suggests that Tai Chi may also slow ageing / fat-free by boosting a certain type of stem cell.

6. Bird's nest soup brings overall benefit to the immune system / alcohol-free and it gives you glowing skin.

7. Widespread gardening provides an opportunity for exercise, sunlight and nutritious / consumption food for people in Okinawa, Japan.

8. The first step in boosting / continuing Nagano's life span was a campaign to reduce salt consumption and promote a healthier diet and lifestyle.

III. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form the word that fits in the gap in the same line.

1. In the United States, if a food contains less than 0.5 grams of fat in a ______serving___, it can be labeled fat-free. (SERVE)

2. Try to avoid glaring on your computer from windows and lights, and use an anti-acne screen if _____needed______. (NEED)

3. It's all about their diet and _____lifestyle______ that people in the Longevity Hot Spots have already found the secrets of the anti-ageing process. (LIFE)

4. Men should drink no more than four units in any one day and have at _______least______ two alcohol-free days a week. (LESS)

5. Studies have shown that our overuse of ____antibacterial____ ingredients has helped to create new resistant bacteria. (BACTERIAL)

6. Although it's impossible to control all the factors involving your skin, you can take measures to reduce the problem with the anti-glare ______treatment_____ at home. (TREAT)

7. After rinsing your face, if your face feels dry, apply a(n) oil-free ____moisturizer___. (MOISTURE)

8. Perhaps the key to a stress-free _____existence____ is not to remove the cause of the stress, but rather to improve one's response to stress. (EXIST)

9. Kidney beans, almonds, sunflower seeds and walnuts are all _____excellent_____, cholesterol-free sources of protein, fiber and magnesium. (EXCELLENTLY)

10. Sugar-free foods can be helpful if you have diabetes and it is best to support overall wellness and blood sugar _____regulation______. (REGULAR)

IV. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.

1. She's going to the photographer's ____.

A. that her photograph be taken                                 B. to have her photograph taking

C. to have her photograph taken                                 D. to have taken her photograph

2. The director has promised that ____ finds a solution to this particular problem will be well awarded.

A. who                        B. the one                    C. whoever                  D. anyone

3. In order to avoid bad eating habits, you'll have to replace unhealthy fat with more ____ food.

A. nutrition                 B. nutritional               C. nutritious                D. nutritive

4. If you're tired, even if you feel that you need to get more done, give yourself ____ to sleep.

A. request                    B. requirement            C. permission             D. permit

5. Bahrain's ____ closed up 10.09 points today at 2160.09.

A. stockbroker            B. stock index                         C. stock exchange       D. stock option

6. The student failed to meet the necessary ____ for admission to the course.

A. fulfillments             B. qualities                  C. aptitudes                 D. requirements

7. ____ cholesterol is a byproduct of the fat that are found in animal-based foods like eggs, dairy products and meat.

A. Diet                        B. Dietary                   C. Meal                       D. Food

8. After ____, people feel more refreshed and alert.

A. meditation              B. attention                 C. determination         D. prescription

9. Come and see me when you ____ your report.

A. finish                      B. finished                  C. will finish               D. had finished

10. ____ my great surprise, almost everyone agreed ____ him.

A. For - to                   B. At - from                C. To - with                 D. In - of

11. Living to an average of 83 years old, Japan is the nation with the highest ____ in the world.

A. lifetime                   B. lifework                  C. life force                 D. life expectancy

12. Make sure the ____ for your glasses or contact lens is up-to-date and adequate for computer use.

A. medicine                 B. prescription             C. size                         D. introduction

13. By cutting down trees we ____ the natural habitat of birds and animals.

A. hurt                         B. harm                       C. damage                   D. injure

14. The doctor has advised ____ less coffee.

A. me drink                 B. I will drink             C. me drinking            D. me to drink

15. Whole grains are high in fiber and contain a variety of ____ that support healthy blood sugar levels.

A. nutrition                 B. nutrients                 C. nutritionists            D. nutritious

16. Good ____, controlling calorie intake and physical activity are the only way to maintain a healthy weight.

A. nutrient                   B. nutrition                  C. malnutrition            D. nutritionists

17. The High Street is so narrow that the council have decided to ____ it.

A. extend                    B. widen                     C. increase                   D. lengthen

18. I'm very glad to hear that you share my ____ in Spanish music.

A. enjoyment              B. listening                  C. interest                    D. liking

19. My own ____ for health is less paperwork and more running barefoot through the grass.

A. routine                    B. treatment                C. medicine                 D. prescription

20. The university graduates one of the highest percentages of registered dieticians and ____ in the world.

A. nutrition                 B. nutritious                C. nutrients                 D. nutritionists

C. READING

I. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only one word in each space.

reach               emphasis               fraction                  traits                adding

purpose           active                  socializing                almost              lifestyle

HIGHEST LIFE EXPECTANCY IN THE WORLD

Longevity hot spots are located in regions of different countries where people commonly lead

(1) ____ active ___ lives past the age of 100. A blue zone is considered to be a "longevity oasis" and the people who live there are believed to have the longest life expectancy on Earth.

The longest living women were found in Okinawa, Japan. Another blue zone was discovered in the mountains of Sardinia, Italy where even men (2) ____ reach ___ the age of 100 at an amazing rate, another was discovered on the Nicoya Peninsula of Costa Rica in 2007. Only one of the blue zone is located in the United States. It was found when researchers who were staying in Loma Linda, California discovered they suffered from a (3) ____ fraction ___ of the diseases that commonly kill people in other parts of the United States and throughout the developed world. The final blue zone was found on an expedition to the island of Ikaria, Greece where they have 50% lower rates of heart disease, 20% less cancer, and (4) ___ almost ____ zero dementia - loss of memory.

What's their secret formula for (5) ______ adding _____ another 10 healthy years? Scientists focused on these longevity hot spots to answer that question and found that while it helps to have good genes, that's less than 30% of the equation. If you adopt the right (6) ____ lifestyle ___, they concluded the other 70% can be up to us. Other (7) ____ traits ____ the people living in the blue zones have in common include less stress and more (8) ____ socializing ____, strong (9) ____ emphasis _____ on family, a fresh natural plant based diet, very little red meat and daily exercise. Leading their lives with a sense of (10) ____ purpose _____ was a big factor. It insures they look forward to getting up in the morning,

II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

In China, it is believed that tai chi can delay ageing and prolong life, increase flexibility, strengthen muscles and tendons, and aid in the treatment of heart disease, high blood (1) ____, arthritis, skin diseases, depression, cancer, and many other (2) ____.

(3) ____ of the research on tai chi has been done in older individuals in the area of balance and fall prevention. This area of (4) ____ is important because fall-related injuries are the leading cause of death from injury and disability among older adults. Because tai chi movements are slow and deliberate (5) ____ shifts of body weight from one leg to the other in (6) ____ with upper body movements, it challenges balance and many have long assumed it helps improve balance and reduce fall frequency.

In a similar tai chi study of older adults, 54% of the subjects who practised tai chi attributed their improved (7) ____ of confidence to improved balance. One study looked at adults in their 60s and 70s who practised tai chi three times a week for 12 weeks (60-minute classes). After (8) ____ six weeks, statistically significant improvements were observed in balance, muscular strength, endurance, and flexibility measures. Improvements in each of these areas increased (9) ____ after another 12 weeks.

The demands of living are stressful for adults of all ages. Although one cannot directly point to studies showing a reduction in stress from practising tai chi, the breathing, movement, and mental concentration required of individuals who practise tai chi may be just the distraction you need from your hectic (10) ____.

1. A. pressure              B. ceremony                C. request                    D. telling

2. A. bride                   B. regulations              C. diseases                  D. notes

3. A. Almost               B. Most                       C. The most                 D. Mostly

4. A. research              B. boxe                        C. present                    D. war

5. A. through               B. for                           C. in                            D. with

6. A. respect                B. coordination           C. stopping                  D. refusal

7. A. sense                   B. common                  C. marriage                  D. divorce

8. A. then                    B. as                            C. just                          D. that

9. A. father                  B. further                    C. farthest                   D. more

10. A. troubles            B. problems                 C. lifestyle                   D. rounds

III. Read the passage and choose the best answer.

Psychologists have debated a long time about whether a child's upbringing can give it the ability to do outstandingly well. Some think that it is impossible to develop genius and say that it is simply something a person is born with. Others, however, argue that the potential for great achievement can be developed. The truth lies somewhere between these two extremes.

It seems very obvious that being born with the right qualities from gifted parents will increase a child's ability to do well. However, this ability will be fully realized only with the right upbringing and opportunities. As one psychologist says, “To have a fast car, you need both a good engine and fuel”.

Scientists have recently assessed intelligence, achievement, and ability in 50 sets of identical twins that were separated shortly after birth and brought up by different parents. They found that achievement was based on intelligence, and later influenced by the child's environment. One case involving very intelligent twins was quoted. One of the twins received a normal upbringing, and performed well. The other twin, however, was brought up by extremely supportive parents and given every possible opportunity to develop its abilities. That twin, though starting out with the same degree of intelligence as the other, performed even better. This case reflects the general principle of intelligence and ability. The more favorable the environment, the more a child's intelligence and ability are developed. However, there is no link between intelligence and the socioeconomic level of a child's family. In other words, it does not matter how poor or how rich a family is, as this does not affect intelligence.

Gifted people cannot be created by supportive parents, but they can be developed by them. One professor of music said that outstanding musicians usually started two or three years earlier than ordinary performers, often because their parents had recognized their ability. These musicians then needed at least ten years' hard work and training in order to reach the level they were capable of attaining. People who want to have very gifted children are given the following advice:

- Marry an intelligent person.

- Allow children to follow their own interests rather than the interests of the parents.

- Start a child's education early but avoid pushing the child too hard.

- Encourage children to play, for example, playing with musical instruments is essential for a child who wants to become an outstanding musician.

Question 1: The upbringing of highly intelligent children requires ____.

A. an expensive education                                          B. good musical instruments

C. parental support and encouragement                     D. wealthy and loving parents

Question 2: The word "others" used in the first paragraph refers to____.

A. other people           B. other scientists        C. other children         D. other geniuses

Question 3: When scientists studied intelligence and ability in twins, they found that ____.

A. ability depends mainly on intelligence and achievement

B. intelligence and development are irrelevant to ability

C. ability depends both on intelligence and on environment

D. different twins generally have different levels of ability

Question 4: Scientists chose twins for their study because ____.

A. each twin has the same environment as his/her twin

B. they are born into the same family, hence the same upbringing

C. they have the same economic background and hence the same opportunities

D. they have the same genetic background, usually with similar intelligence

Question 5: How were great musicians different from ordinary musicians in their development?

A. Their ability was realized at an early stage and then nurtured.

B. They practice playing their instruments for many years.

C. They concentrated on music to the exclusion of other areas.

D. They were exceptionally intelligent and artistic.

Question 6: The remark: "To have a fast car, you need both a good engine and fuel." in the passage means that in order to become a genius ____.

A. you need to have good health and good nourishment

B. you need intelligence and you need to develop it

C. you should try to move quickly and efficiently

D. you must nourish your brain and train your muscles hard

Question 7: All of the following statements are true EXCEPT ____.

A. a child's intelligence is influenced by that of his/her parents

B. to become successful, a child needs both native intelligence and development

C. studying different twins is a useful scientific procedure

D. educational development depends completely on economic well-being.

D. WRITING

I. Change the following sentences to Indirect speech.

1. Mark said, "I went camping 5 days ago."

Mark said he had gone camping 5 days before.

2. "If Brain doesn't train harder, I won't select him for the team" said the manager.

The manager said if Brain didn’t train harder, he wouldn’t select him for the team.

3. "Our correspondent in Paris sent this report some days ago" said the editor in-chief.

The editor in-chief said that their correspondent in Paris had sent that report some days before.

4. "How long have you been waiting here?" the girl asked me.

The girl asked me how long I had been waiting there.

5. "Do not write on the wall" said the teacher to the boys.

The teacher to the boys not to write on the wall.

6. “Take your place in the queue" the nurse said to the old man.

The nurse told the old man to take his place in queue.

7. "How many jobs have you had since you left school?" the interviewer asked Jack.

The interviewer asked Jack how many jobs he had had since he left school.

8. "Why didn't you report the incident to the police last week?" the officer asked the frightened witness.

The officer asked the frightened witness why he hadn’t reported the incident to the police the previous week.

9. "Why hasn't Peter phoned?" she wondered.

She wondered why Peter hadn’t phoned.

10. "If I were you, I wouldn't trust Peter" she told John.

She advised John not to trust Peter.

II. Change the following sentences to Indirect speech.

1. "I'll take you to the zoo tomorrow" my mother said to me.

My mother told me that she would take me to the zoo the following day.

2. Jane said to Bill "When do you expect to finish your assignment?"

Jane asked Bill when he expected to finish his assignment.

3. The man said to the boy "Can you show me the way to the bank?"

The man asked the boy to show him the way to the bank.

4. The man asked the postman "Are there any letters for me today”

The man asked the postman if there were any letters for him that day.

5. Henry said to the librarian "How many books can I borrow at a time"

Henry asked the librarian how many books he could borrow at a time.

6. John asked his friend "How did you manage to know my telephone number? “

John asked his friend how he had managed to know his telephone number.

7. Rose said "I was just leaving for the office"

Rose said that she had just been leaving for the office.

8. Ann asked her brother "What are you planning to do tomorrow?"

Ann asked her brother what he was planning to do the following day.

9. She asked her boyfriend "Is it true that your father fought in the last war?"

She asked her boyfriend if it was true that his father had fought in the previous war.

10. He said "I don't understand why she has refused to join us on the trip"

He said he didn’t understand why she had refused to join them on the trip.

III. Change the following sentences to Indirect speech.

1. Tom said to me "If I have spare time, I will go fishing with you".

Tom told me that if he had spare time, she would go fishing with me.

2. The teacher told us “If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we can go for a picnic."

The teacher told us if it didn’t rain the next day, they could go for a picnic.

3. "Unless you study harder, you will fail the exam" said his parents.

His parents said unless he studied harder, he would fail the exam.

4. "If she goes to the party, she will have a lot of fun." said Peter.

Peter said if she went to the party, she would have a lot of fun.

5. "If you need help, I will be willing to help you with the difficult exercises" my sister said.

My sister said if I needed help, she would be willing to help me with the difficult exercises.

6. Linda said "I would have come to the party if I hadn't been so busy last week."

Linda said if she hadn’t been so busy the previous week, she would have come to the party.

7. Tom told me "If I were you, I would look for another job."

Tom told me if he were me, he would look for another job.

8. My friend said to me "What would you do if someone gave you a million pounds?"

My friend asked me what I would do if someone gave me a million pounds.

9. The gardener said "If I didn't water these plants yesterday, they could die."

The gardener said if he didn’t water these plants the day before, they could die.

10. The doctor said to the patient "You won't feel better unless you takes these medicine."

The doctor told the patient if he took those medicine, he would feel better.

PART 3: TEST YOURSELF

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

1. A. recognize            B. medium                  C. Japanese                 D. seat

2. A. spontaneous       B. official                    C. control                    D. work

3. A. carry                   B. battle                      C. day                         D. hat

4. A. near                    B. bear                         C. hear                         D. dear

5. A. said                     B. brain                       C. drain                       D. train

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

1. A. swallow              B. survive                    C. digest                      D. finish

2. A. product               B. satisfy                     C. pleasure                  D. however

3. A. happiness            B. rewrite                    C. eject                        D. oblige

4. A. compare              B. compose                 C. company                 D. consist

5. A. manage               B. recognize                C. argue                       D. discriminate

III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.

1. The government proposes to increase the excise ____ on tobacco

A. fee                          B. money                     C. obligation               D. duty

2. When I was a boy we had no ____ in this village.

A. electric                    B. electricity                C. electrify                  D. electrical

3. Baking soda is considered the best home ____ for acne as it sooths itching and inflammation around spots.

A. dealing                   B. medicine                 C. remedy                   D. substance

4. Most ____ is caused by wishing things that you are unable to achieve them right now.

A. disease                    B. injury                      C. stress                       D. wound

5. Ann could not speak Chinese and ____ could John.

A. either                      B. also                         C. neither                    D. so

6. By tomorrow morning everything ____ set up in time for the performance.

A. will have been        B. will be                     C. had already been                D. have already been

7. By paying attention to your hunger signals and switching to healthy snacks, you can ____ nutrition, control cravings, and lose weight.

A. succeed                  B. boost                       C. stimulate                 D. request

8. Reducing saturated fat is the single most important ____ change you can make to cut blood cholesterol.

A. life                          B. food                        C. menu                       D. dietary

9. He was very ashamed ____ his friend's bad manner.

A. at                            B. of                           C. on                           D. through

10. HIV is listed as one of the most life-threatening ____ diseases. 

A. antibiotics               B. infectious                C. nutritious                D. check-up

11. The acid in nonstick pans is associated with birth and developmental defects, ____ system problems, and cancer.

A. immune                  B. immunity                C. immunization          D. immunized

12. Whey protein may account for many of the health benefits ____ to dairy products.

A. believed                  B. attributed                C. resulted                   D. dietary

13. Not only my son but also I ____ tired from walking so far.

A. is                             B. are                           C. am                           D. were

14. Many doctors recommend ____ as a way to reduce stress.

A. medication             B. thinking                  C. silence                     D. calmness

15. Chocolate and cakes cause our blood sugar to rise and give us a quick ____.

A. boost                      B. power                     C. action                      D. success

16. They all laughed because the film was very ____.

A. amuse                     B. amusement             C. amused                   D. amusing

17. 'Which of these two men is Chinese?' – ‘____ is.’

A. Both of them          B. All of them             C. Neither of them                  D. None of them

18. A ____ makes the body more efficient and enhances the body's ability to respond to stress.

A. fitness                     B. morning exercise                C. training                   D. workout

19. Tobacco not only affects you and the people around you, but can ____ to serious health conditions including lung and heart disease.

A. go                           B. influence                 C. lead                         D. point

20. The committee ____ among themselves for hours.

A has been arguing     B. have been arguing              C. has been argued      D. have been argued

IV. Put the correct preposition for the sentences below.

immune                       dietary                         nutritious                     expectancy

boost                            remedies                      prescription                 attributed

1. Obese patients should strictly follow health experts' _______ dietary _________.

2. Science has shown that many types of chronic diseases are ______ attributed ______ to people's bad eating habits.

3. My doctor gave me a _____ prescription ______ for antibiotics.

4. You can ______ boost _______ your health by leading a stress-free life, eating low-cholesterol food and exercising every day.

5. In general, Japanese people having higher life ______ expectancy _______ than people in other countries because their diet is rich in fish.

6. Lack of exercise and fatty food consumption can weaken our ______ immune _______ system.

7. Honey and lemon juice are often used as natural ______ remedies ______ for coughs.

8. School canteens should provide only highly _______ nutritious ______ meals to young children.

V. Choose the word in the box to complete the text.

conscious                     well-being             endorphins balance            well-balanced

obligations                   dealing                   refers                    Take                properly

Having a healthy lifestyle is not just about eating healthily and exercising. It often (1) ___ refers ____

to having a balance between work and life.

To start with, make sure you get plenty of sleep. Some research suggests that teenagers need more sleep than adults, however, it's often the case that they get less than they need. With homework and social

(2) ____ obligations _____, you can be staying up late still have to get up early to get to classes, work or other activities. To function (3) ___ properly ___, your body and mind need a minimum of eight hours of sleep each night.

Eating a (4) ___ well-balanced ___ diet can sound much easier than it is. A lot of people are really (5) __ conscious ___ about what they eat, and try and make healthy choices. If you think you have too much junk food and want to make some changes to your diet, don't try and eliminate all junk food. You should drink plenty of water, eat a balance of protein, whole grains, fruit and vegetables daily, and don't skip breakfast - eat something for breakfast every day.

Exercising regularly is part of having a healthy lifestyle. Physical activity helps build a strong body and mind. Doing physical activity releases (6) ___ endorphins ___, which are a chemical your body produces, which gives you a good feeling. Physical activity is also an effective way to manage moods and is a really good lifestyle choice to improve your overall (7) ___ well-being ___.

Having friends and family that you can confide in is really important. To be a healthy person, you need to have people around you that you can talk to about what's happening to you, rather than (8) ___ dealing ____

with them alone.

Another important part of having a healthy lifestyle is remembering to "play". Just taking time to laugh, have fun and being around people who make you feel good is part of having (9) ____ balance ____ in your life.

(10) ____ Take ____ time to learn about what makes you feel good and remember to include some of those things in your day.

VI. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

HEALTH BENEFITS OF YOGA

Yoga is a healthy lifestyle. One of the (1) ____ of yoga is that you can choose a yoga style that is suitable for your lifestyle, such as hot yoga, power yoga, relaxation yoga, etc. If you are a yoga beginner, Hatha Yoga, (2) ____ focuses on basic postures at a comfortable pace, would be great for you. If you want to increase (3) ____ through using more of your own body's resistance, Power Yoga may be right for you. Whether you prefer you're at home, in a available to suit your goals and needs.

Improved (4) ____ is one of the first and most obvious benefits of yoga. During your first class, you probably won't be able to touch your toes. (5) ____ if you stick with it, you'll notice a gradual loosening, and eventually, seemingly impossible poses will become possible. Each of the yoga poses (6) ____ to (7) ____ the muscles around the spine, the very center of your body, which is the core from which everything else operates. When the core is working properly, posture is improved, thus (8) ____ back, shoulder, and neck pain.

Strong muscles do more than look good. They also protect us from conditions like arthritis and back pain, and help prevent falls in elderly people. And when you build strength through yoga, you balance it with flexibility. If you just went to the gym and lifted weights, you might build strength at the (9) ____ of flexibility.

Yoga gets your blood flowing. More specifically, the relaxation exercises you learn in yoga can help your circulation, especially in your hands and feet. Yoga also gets more oxygen to your cells, which function better as a result. Twisting poses are thought to wring out venous blood from internal organs and allow oxygenated blood to flow in once the twist is related.

Many studies found that a consistent yoga practice improved (10) ____ and led to greater levels of happiness and better immune function.

1. A. disadvantages    B. ritual                       C. benefits                  D. differences

2. A. that                     B. which                      C. who                        D. when

3. A strong                  B. strongly                  C. strengthen               D. strength

4. A. flexibility            B. shell                        C. union                      D. gratitude

5. A. As                       B. But                         C. Even                       D. On

6. A. was built             B. builds                      C. is built                     D. are built

7. A. weaken               B. release                     C. increase                   D. reinforce

8. A. alleviating           B. ceremony                C. approaching            D. creation

9. A. life                      B. depth                      C. expense                   D. death

10. A. trouble              B. problem                  C. confliction              D. depression

VII. Read a text about common wedding rituals in the USA and answer the questions that follow.

Acupuncture involves the insertion of very thin needles through the patient's skin at specific points on the body, and the needles are inserted to various depths. The medical community is not in conclusive agreement about how acupuncture works scientifically. However, we know that it does have some therapeutic benefits, including pain relief.

According to WHO, acupuncture is effective for treating 28 conditions, while evidence indicates it may have an effective therapeutic value for many more. People with tension, headaches or migraines may find acupuncture to be very effective in alleviating their symptoms. Another study found that twice weekly acupuncture treatments relieve debilitating symptoms of zerostomia - severe dry mouth - among patients treated with head and neck cancer.

Traditional Chinese medicine explains that health is the result of a harmonious balance of the complementary extremes of yin and yang of the life force known as chi or qi. Qi is said to flow through pathways in the human body. Through 350 acupuncture points in the body, these pathways and energy flows may be accessed. Illness is said to be the consequence of an imbalance of the forces. If needles are inserted into these points with appropriate combinations, it is said that the energy flow can be brought back into proper balance.

In Western societies and several other parts of the world, acupuncture is explained, including concepts of neuroscience. Acupuncture points are seen by Western practitioners as places where nerves, muscles and connective tissue can be stimulated. Acupuncture practitioners say that the stimulation increases blood flow while at the same time triggering the activity of our own body's natural painkillers.

1. The word “triggering” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ____.

A. making something happen suddenly                      B. making something develop very quickly

C. causing a device to start operating                         D. causing something to explore

2. With the practice of acupuncture, it is believed that ____.

A. patients can get proper balance between yin and yang

B. illness causes the imbalance of qi throughout the body

C. the energy flow can be brought back to patients

D. energy can go through acupuncture points in the body

3. It is thought that acupuncture is effective in treating all of the following symptoms EXCEPT ____.

A. migraines                B. nervousness            C. headaches               D. cancer

4. According to Western medicine, the insertion of needles through acupuncture points in the body may ____.

A. help to explain where nerves and muscles can be stimulated

B. increase blood flow and stimulate our instinct of pain relief

C. stimulate the effect of painkillers in our bodies for treatment

D. be used only in China and the Far East not the Western countries

5. In acupuncture, the insertion of the very thin needles involve with ____.

A. agreement from scientists                                      B. the locations, and the depths

C. the thinness of needles and skin                            D. therapeutic benefits of pain relief