Unit 5. INVENTIONS

Part I. PHONETICS

Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

1. A. costly                  B. fastener                   C. portable                  D. smartphone

2. A. determine           B. profile                     C. science                    D. versatile

3. A. benefit                B. generous                 C. inventor                  D. video

4. A. fabric                  B. iminate                    C. laptop                     D. patent

5. A. company             B. compose                 C. comprise                 D. computer

Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.

6. A. hot tea                B. phone call               C. soft ware                D. tall boy

7. A. bus stop              B. cell phone               C. light bulb                D. white board

8. A. flying car            B. mother tongue        C. online game            D. pencil case

9. A. fire fighter          B. heart attack             C. self interest             D. train station

10. A. credit card        B. football match        C. living room             D. swimming pool

Part II. VOCABULARY

Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

11. Smartphone can be a great learning ____ but you need to think of how to use it effectively.

            A. benefit                    B. choice                     C. invention                D. tool

12. It is convenient for you to read ____ when you travel.

            A. e-books                   B. laptops                    C. online game            D. smartphones

13. Many young people carry a pair of earbuds as they are small, light, and ____.

            A. chargeable              B. economical             C. portable                  D. transferable

14. Washing machine or vacuum cleaner can help you to ____ time while doing housework.

            A. kill                          B. save                         C. spend                      D. waste

15. Velcro has gradually become a familiar ____ for shoes, jackets, and even spacesuits.   

A. button                     B. fastener                   C. locker                      D. zipper

16. Most smartphones now ____ flash player as well as voice and video calls.

A. display                    B. offer                       C. provide                   D. support

17. Many students prefer ____ assignments on their laptops to writing traditionally.

A. reading                   B. searching                C. sending                   D. typing

18. Mobile devices such as laptops or digital cameras can be charged by ____.

A. solar charges           B. solar-charges           C. solar chargers          D. solar-chargers

19. We can surf the ____ to search for news, watch films, or download music.

A. e-book                    B. internet                   C. laptop                     D. smartphone

20. In many classrooms, teachers use chalk to write on the ____.

A. blackboards            B. black boards           C. whiteboards            D. white boards

21. You can send and receive e-mails from a ____.

A. charger                   B. printer                     C. smartphone             D. USB

22. The ____,which can travel underwater, is very useful for scientists to learn about the undersea world.

A. aeroplane                B. electronic car          C. spaceship                D. submarine

23. Like Vietnamese, Thai people also depend ____ water for their crops.

A. against                    B. for                           C. in                            D. on

24. In 1999, the king’s Chaipattana Aerator obtained Thai ____ for his rain-making techniques.

A. certificates              B. charters                   C. licenses                   D. patents

25. Paddle-wheel machine helps to clean the wastewater before ____ it for farming.

A. rearranging             B. recycling                 C. reducing                 D. reusing

26. You can get access ____ the Interne, via a range of devices such as desktop or laptop computers, mobile phones, and tablets.

A. for                          B. in                            C. of                            D. to

27. Thomas Edison, Benjamin Franklin, James Watt are among of the greatest ____ of all time.

A. inventions               B. inventiveness          C. inventors                 D. invents

28. _____ noodles are a precooked and usually dried block invented by Japanese.

A. Instantaneous         B. Instance                  C. Instant                    D. Instantly

29. It is definitely true that nature has inspired ____ inventions and technologies.

A. numbers                  B. numeral                   C. numerical                D. numerous

30. Smartphones are used not only for communication but also for information and ____.

A. entertain                 B. entertainer              C. entertaining             D. entertainment

31. People often use the natural world as inspiration to design and invent new ____.

A. producers               B. produces                 C. productions             D. products

32. Internet and social networks help us easily interact ____ people all over the world.

A. in                            B. of                            C. on                           D. with

33. Users can look ____ locations as well as directions to different places on Google Maps.

A. down                      B. for                           C. in                            D. up

34. The two fabrics of Velcro stick together thanks ____ the hooks on the surface and the loops on the other.

A. by                           B. for                           C. of                            D. to

35. If you get a laptop as a reward, what w ill you use it ____?

A. by                           B. for                           C. to                            D. with

36. Scientists have invented artificially intelligent computer systems ____ of answering questions posed in natural language.

A. able                         B. aware                      C. capable                   D. fond

Exercise 4. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

37. A digital camera is more economical than a film camera since you don’t have to buy rolls of films.

A. better                      B. cheaper                   C. safer                        D. stronger

38. You can use earbuds to listen to music or your listening everywhere, even in public place, as nobody is disturbed.

A. annoyed                 B. connected               C. imitated                  D. interacted

39. You can use a USB stick to transport files from one computer to another.

A. delete                     B. display                    C. transfer                   D. store

40. Smartphones are very versatile, as they can do many things like making phone calls, taking pictures, or listening to music.

A. capable                   B. flexible                   C. helpful                    D. interesting

41. Apple iPad has remained the single most popular tablet PC ever since 2010.

 A. became                  B. continued               C. existed                    D. stopped

42. A 3-D printer can produce solid objects similar to the originals.

A. images                    B. models                    C. papers                     D. pictures

43. There are many traffic jams during rush hour.

A. congestion              B. riders                      C. road signs               D. transportation

44. When collapsing the wings, a flying car is just a little bit bigger than a normal car.

A. dropping                 B. fixing                      C. folding                    D. opening

Exercise 5. Mark the letter A. B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

45. Nutritious snacks provide an important contribution towards your child’s daily nutritional needs.

A. Inexpensive            B. Uncooked               C. Unhealthy                           D. Unpacked

46. A smartphone is too costly for him to even have a normal one.

A. economical             B. expensive                C. priceless                  D. valuable

47. Many people are afraid that computers with superhuman intelligence will destroy humanity.

A. awareness               B. perception               C. stupidity                    D. wisdom

48. Speakers are too bulky. You cannot put them in your bag or your pocket.

A. giant                       B. heavy                      C. large                        D. tiny

49. A digital camera is convenient as it is quick to view and delete as well as easy to transfer photos to a computer.

A. harmful                   B. inexpensive             C. uninteresting           D. useless

50. Even the best invention may have drawbacks. A laptop, for example, is expensive so many people cannot afford it.

A. advantages                         B. disadvantages         C. shortcomings          D. weaknesses

Part III. GRAMMAR

Exercise 6. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct to each of the following questions.

51. A correction pen is used for ____ your writing mistakes.

A. cover                      B. covered                   C. covering                  D. to cover

52. It's no good ____ him the truth now.

A. not to tell                B. tell                          C. telling                     D. to tell

53. It's important ____ too much about your failure.

A. not to worry           B. not worry                C. not worrying to      D. don’t worry

54. Don’t forget ____ your homework before coming to class.

A. doing                      B. having done            C. to be done              D. to do

55. Did you remember ____ Mr. Green my message?

A. be given                  B. giving                     C. have given              D. to give

56. 3-D printing ____ complex tools and components.

A. is used for produce                                     B. is used to produce

C. uses for producing                                      D. uses to produce

57. She was old enough ____ up her own mind.

A. made                      B. make                       C. making                    D. to make

58. My computer is used for ____ music and video.

A. having played         B. play                         C. playing                    D. to play

59. My father uses a calculator to ____.

A. be calculated          B. being calculated     C. calculate                 D. calculating

60. Facebook is used   ____ among the young.

A. communicate          B. communicating       C. to communicate      D. to communicating

61. Mary often watches YouTube videos to study how ____ a dish or make a cake.

A. cook                       B. cooking                   C. to cook                   D. to cooking 

62. We can use USB ____ information.

A. for being store        B. for store                  C. to store                   D. to storing

63. He ____ for the Google since 2014.

A. has worked             B. is working               C. was working           D. worked

64. Her children ____ their homework yet. They arc still working on it.

            A. hasn’t finished       B. hasn’t finishing       C. haven’t finished     D. haven’t finishing

65. I have never ____ to Paris

A. been                        B. go                           C. was                         D. went

66. We ____ a contract two years ago and it is still valid.

A. have sign                B. have signed             C. haven't signed        D. signed

67. I have lost my mobile phone. Someone ____ it.

A. has steal                  B. has stole                  C. has stolen                D. have stole

68. Brian ____ to the travel agents and he hasn’t come back.

            A. has been                 B. has been going        C. had gone                 D. has gone

69. I am not hungry. I have ____ eaten.

            A. just                         B. ever                         C. now                        D. yet

70. ____ you ever been to New York?

            A. Are                         B. Do                          C. Have                       D. Were

71. My parents ____ us many times.

            A. has visited              B. have visited                        C. visit                         D. will visit

72. Walter ____ my headphones at last.

            A. has returned           B. have return             C. return                      D. returns

73. I ____ the teacher that I will be absent next week.

            A. has told                  B. have told                C. tell                          D. tells

74. Sally ____ the movie “Titanic” three times.

            A. has seen                  B. have seen                C. is seeing                  D. sees

75. How long ____ your best friend?

            A. did you know         B. do you know          C. have you known     D. are you knowing

76. YouTube ____ to become the world most popular video-sharing website since 2005.

            A. has grown               B. have grown             C. grew                       D. grows

77. J.K. Rowling's “Harry Potter" books ____ in many countries.

A. has been published                                     B. have been published

            C. was published                                             D. were published

78. “Would you like a coffee?" - “No thanks. ____ one.”

            A. I just had                B. I just have               C. I was just having    D. I’ve just had

Exercise 7. Mark the letter A. B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

79. The king's biodiesel oil project was first to introduce in 2001.

           A                                  B         C                D

80. The Tesla Coil is used for create extremely powerful electrical fields.

                                    A            B           C                            D

81. IBM is an artificial intelligence computer system and is used to answering questions posed in natural

                                                A                                               B            C                           D

language.

82. Lifc without computers has seemed simply impossible now.

                  A                               B             C             D

83. Kodak Company produced many OLED equipped products, which are being used to power the next

                                        A                                   B                                       C                     D

generation of ultra-thin televisions, since 1987.

84. Vaccination has been used for a long time for prevent diseases.

                           A        B                     C                   D

85. The boat rudder was invented to steer large ships, which enabled the Chinese for building huge ships as

                                           A              B                                     C                                   D

early as 200 AD.

86. Many young people now use computers for playing games rather than study.

                                                A                             B                     C               D

87. You can use a tablet to listening to music, surfing web or chatting with friends.

                                        A               B                 C                     D

88. Since the Internet was first created in the 1960s, it changed people’s lives a lot.

                                                A                     B                 C                               D

89. Scientists have researched since years into ways of curing cancer patients.

                                    A             B              C                  D

90. Many teenagers now prefer chatting on the computer to meet face to face.

                                      A                   B                                 C           D

Part IV. SPEAKING

Exercise 8. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges.

91. “Good luck with the exam, Minh!” - “____, Dad.”

A. By no means          B. I wish so                 C. Never mind             D. Thank you

92. “Dad. I’ve passed the English test.” - “____”

A. Good job!               B. Good test!              C. Good luck!             D. Good way!

93. “I think I will choose a new laptop rather than a smartphone.” - “____,Phong!”

A. Congratulation       B. I hope so                 C. What a pity             D. What a wise choice

94. “Do you know that many inventions were inspired by the natural world?” - “____”

A. Of course. You’re right.                 B. There is no hope about it.

C. Well, that sounds interesting.         D. Yes, I couldn't agree more.

95. “Do you think new inventions always make people rich?” – “____”

A. I agree.                   B. I don’t think so.     C. It sounds great.      D. no, not much

96. “I have never been to America" - “____”

A. Me either.               B. Me neither.             C. I so.                        D. Me too.

97. “Can I take away your dish?" - “Wait a minute. ____”   

A. I can’t finish.          B. I don’t finish.         C. I have to finish.      D. I haven’t finished.

98. “Do you need any help, Kate?” - “____”

A. I haven’t got a clue.                       B. No, thanks, I can manage.

C. That’s all for now.                          D. That’s fine by me.

99. “It’s very generous of you to offer to pay!” - “____”

A. I’m glad you like it.                       B. Thanks a million.

C. That was the least I could do.        D. You can say that again.

100. “Has an announcement been made about the eight o’clock flight to Paris ?” – “____”

A. I don’t think that. B. Not yet.                  C. Sorry I don’t.         D. Yes, it was.

101. “I love studying science as it allows me to answer questions about natural world.” – “____”

A. No, I won’t.           B. Neither do I.          C. Yes, I like it.           D. So do I.

102. “I have taken part in the science club for 3 months.” - “____”

A. So have I.               B. So have me.            C. I have so.                D. So I have.

103. “What do you think of your new laptop? ” - “____”

A. I always keep it.     B. I’d love to.             C. It’s fantastic.          D.        Sounds great.

104. “Can I try your new camera?” - “____”

A. I’m sorry, I can’t. Let's go now.                B. I’m sorry. I’m home late.

C. Sure. I’d love to. Sure.                               D. But please be careful with it.

105. “Ted's broken his leg, so he won’t be able to come to class today.” – “____”

A. How terrific!          B. Poor Ted!               C. What is it now?      D. What’s wrong?

Part V. READING

Exercise 9. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

 

 

 

 

 

MOBILE PHONES

            When Scotsman Alexander Graham Bell (106) ____ the telephone in 1876, it was a revolution in communication. (107) ____ the first time, people could talk to each other over great distances almost as clearly as if they were in the same room. Nowadays, though, we (108) ____ use Bell’s invention for taking photographs, (109) ____ the Internet or watching video clips rather than talking. Over the last two decades a new (110) _____ of spoken communication has emerged: the mobile phone.

106. A. has been invented   B. is invented             C. invented                 D. was invented

107. A. As                               B. By                            C. For                          D. Since

108. A. increase                     B. increased               C. increasing              D. increasingly

109. A. accessing                  B. contacting              C. entering                 D. searching

110. A. aids                            B. means                    C. tools                       D. ways

Exercise 10. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

HEALTH  DETECTOR

Scientist Hayat Sindi's device is the size of a postage stamp, and it costs just a penny. But it could (111) ____ millions of lives. In many parts of the world, doctors and nurses work with no (112) ____ or clean water. They have to send health tests to labs and wait weeks for results. But this little piece of paper could change that. It (113) ____ tiny holes that are filled with chemicals. These chemicals are able (114) ____ health problems. A person places a single (115) ____ of blood on the paper. The chemicals in the paper change (116) ____ the blood and indicate (117) ____ or not the person has an illness.

111. A. build                           B. keep                        C. start                        D. save

112. A. electric                        B. electrical                 C. electrician               D. electricity

113. A. contains                      B. invents                    C. provides                  D. supports

114. A. detect                         B. detecting                C. to detect                 D. to detecting

115. A. bit                               B. drop                        C. piece                       D. slice

116. A. although                     B. because                   C. due to                     D. in spite of

117. A. as if                            B. either                      C. neither                    D. whether

Exercise 11. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

THE VANISHING INVENTION

In 1998, a Valencian professor made an amazing claim. Professor Antonio Cervilla discovered how to use water as a substitute for petrol. The scientist said that you could drive from Bilbao to Valencia on just half a litre of water. His invention uses a molybdenum compound to break down water into hydrogen and oxygen. Unlike other methods, no electricity is required and the reaction happens at atmospheric temperature. This impressive technology is based on the way plant enzymes break down water. The use of molybdenum is the perfect choice because, although rare, it is cheap and found all around the planet.

 Since the claims were made, nothing more has been heard about this fabulous technology. There is no explanation for the disappearance anywhere on the internet, apart from a list of similar inventions which have also vanished. An inventor from the Philipines called Daniel Dingel developed a water-fuelled car but was arrested and sentenced to 20 years in prison. If this technology were to become widely available, it would prove disastrous for petrol station owners and would also save the planet from the impending environmental catastrophes being caused by pollution.

118. The word “substitute” in the passage is closest in meaning to ____.

A. addition                  B. alternative               C. imitation                 D. solution

119. Which of the following is NOT true about Cervilla’s invention?

A. It happens at atmospheric temperature.

B. It imitates something in nature.

C. It requires no electricity.

D. It uses enzymes to break down water.

120. The word “it” in the passage refers to ____.

A. enzyme                   B. molybdenum          C. petrol                      D. water

121. The word “vanished” in the passage is opposite in meaning to ____.

A. appeared                 B. produced                C. introduced              D. invented

122. It is stated in the passage that water-fuelled cars may contribute to ____.

A. save energy            B. save environment   C. save money             D. save time

Exercise 12. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

THE STORY OF COCA-COLA

Coca-Cola was invented in 1886 by John Pemberton, a druggist living in Atlanta. The original drink was a type of syrup, using coca leaves, sugar and cola nuts, plus a few other secret ingredients! Pemberton sold it as a medicine; and with its coca (the source of cocaine), it must have made people feel good!

Nevertheless, Pemberton’s medicine was not very successful, so he sold his secret formula to another druggist, Asa Candler. Candler was interested, because he had another idea that Pemberton’s “medicine” would be much better if it was mixed with soda. Candler was thus the man who really invented the drink Coca-Cola. Candler also advertised his new drink, and soon people were going to drugstores just to get a drink of Coca-Cola.

Before long, other people became interested in the product, including a couple of businessmen who wanted to sell it in bottles. Candler sold them a licence to bottle the drink, and very quickly the men became millionaires. The famous bottle, with its very distinctive shape, was designed in 1916. And the famous Coca-Cola logo is the most famous logo in the world. Unlike any other famous commercial logos, it has not changed in 100 years!

During the First World War, American soldiers in Europe began asking for Coca-Cola, so the Coca-Cola company began to export to Europe. It was so popular with soldiers that they then had to start bottling the drink in Europe.

Today, Coca-Cola is made in countries all over the world, including Russia and China; it is the world’s most popular drink.

As for the famous formula, it is probably the world’s most valuable secret! The exact ingredients for making Coca-Cola are only known to a handful of people. And as for the “coca” that was in the original drink, that was eliminated in 1903. It was a drug, and too dangerous. Today’s Coca-Cola contains caffeine, but not cocaine!

123. According to the passage, Coca-Cola was first introduced in ____.

A. America                  B. China                      C. Europe                    D. Russia

124. According to the passage, the original drink made people feel good because it contained ____.

A. coca leaves             B. cola nuts                 C. secret ingredients   D. sugar

125. It is stated in the passage that Candler was interested in the product because he thought ____.

A. he could develop the original formula by adding soda

B. he would sell it and quickly became a millionaire

C. it was an useful medicine which made people feel good

D. Pemberton’s medicine was very famous and successful

126. The word “licence” in the passage is closest in meaning to ____.

A. certificate               B. permission              C. charter                    D ticket

127. The word “distinctive” in the passage is opposite in meaning to ____.

A. normal                    B. original                   C. ugly                         D unique

128. When were the Coca-Cola’s bottle shape and logo designed according to the passage?

A. in 1886                   B. in 1916                   C. in 1930                   D. in 1986

129. The word “eliminated” in the passage probably means ____.

A. banned                   B. destroyed               C. erased                     D. excluded   

130. According to the passage, what is NOT true about the formula of Coca-Cola ?

A. It is probably the world’s most priceless secret.

B. It was really invented by the druggist. Asa Candler.

C. Its exact ingredients are well known to many people.

D. Its ingredient was changed from cocaine to caffeine.

Part VI. WRITING

Exercise 13. Mark the letter A, B, C. or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

131. This is the first time Tom went abroad.

A. Tom ever has gone abroad before.             B. Tom has ever gone abroad before.

C. Tom has never gone abroad before.           D. Tom never has gone abroad before.

132. She started using this washing machine last year.

A. She has used this washing machine for a year.      B. She has used this washing machine since a year.

C. She used this washing machine for a year.            D. She used this washing machine since a year.

133. The last time she sent me an email was 5 months ago.

A. She has already sent me an email for 5 months.    B. She has never sent me an email since 5 months.

C. She has not sent me an email for 5 months.           D. She has not yet sent me an email since 5 months.

134. It is a long time since we last met.

A. We have already met after a long time.     B. We have ever met for a long time.

C. We have just met for a long time.              D. We have not met for a long time.

135. When did you have a Facebook account?

A. How long do you have a Facebook account?        B. How long did you have a Facebook account?

C. How long had you had a Facebook account?        D. How long have you had a Facebook account?

136. I haven’t called her since she left me.

A. The last time I call her was when she left me.      

B. The last time I called her was when she has left me.

C. The last time I called her was when she left me.

D. The last time I have called her was when she left me.

Exercise 14. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

137. Apple MacBook is portable and versatile. I cannot afford it.

A. Although Apple MacBook is portable and versatile, 1 cannot afford it.

B. Because Apple MacBook is portable and versatile, I cannot afforsd it.

C. If Apple MacBook isn’t portable and versatile, I might afford it.

D. No matter how portable and versatile Apple MacBook is, I can afford it.

138. William found a science book. It included instructions for building a windmill.

A. William found a science book which included instructions for building a windmill.

B. What William found is a science book included instructions for building a windmill.

C. William found how a science book included instructions for building a windmill.

D. Where William found a science book included instructions for building a windmill.

139. They didn’t think Newton could do it. He was confident.

A. Because they didn’t think Newton could do it, he was confident.

B. They didn’t think Newton could do it because he was confident.

C. They didn’t think Newton could do it no matter how confident he was

D. If they had thought Newton could do it, he would have been more confident.

140. Bell succeeded with his new invention. People were able to talk to each other over great distances.

A. Because Bell’s success with the new invention, people were able to talk to each other over great distances.

B. In spite of Bell’s success with the new invention, people were able to talk to each other over great distances.

C. Owing to Bell’s success with the new invention, people were able to talk to each other over great distances.

D. Since Bell’s success with the new invention, people were able to talk to each other over great distances.