PART 2: EXERCISES

A. PHONETICS

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

1. A. ago                     B. across                      C. about                      D. adult

2. A. language             B. article                      C. partly                      D. hardly

3. A. but                      B. cut                          C. sun                          D. put

4. A. lake                     B. plane                       C. plan                         D. state

5. A. lecture                B. medium                  C. inventor                  D. president

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

1. A. definition           B. politician                 C. situation                  D. production

2. A. image                  B. purchase                 C. mislead                   D. deadline

3. A. extinction           B. endangered             C. business                  D. intention

4. A. cattle                  B. country                   C. canal                       D. cover

5. A. copy                   B. remove                    C. notice                      D. cancel

B. VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR

I. Put the verbs in the present perfect or the present perfect continuous tense.

1. I (try) ___have been trying___ to learn French for years, but I (not succeed) ___haven’t succeeded__ yet.

2. She (read) ___has been reading___ all the works of Dickens. How many (you read) ___have you read___?

3. I (wait) ___have been waiting___ here nearly half an hour for my girlfriend; do you think she (forget) ___has forgot____ to come?

4. Mary (rest) ___has rested__ in the garden all day because she (be) _____was____ ill.

5. Although John (study) ____has been studying___ at the University for 5 years, he (not get) __hasn’t got___ his degree yet.

6. Jack (go) ____has gone___ to Switzerland for a holiday. He (never, be) ___has never been____ there.

7. We (live) ____have lived__ here for the last six months, and (just, decide) __have just decided___ to move.

8. That book (lie) ____has been lying____ on the table for weeks. You (not read) ___haven’t you read___

it yet?

9. He (not be) ____hasn’t been____ here since Christmas; I wonder where he (live) ___has lived___ since then.

10. He (lose) ____has lost____ his books. He (look) ___has been looking___ for them all afternoon, but they (not turn up) ___haven’t turned up___ yet.

11. She (work) ___has been working___ so hard this week that she (not have) ____hasn’t had___ time to go to the cinema.

12. Your hair is wet. (You swim) ___Have you swum____ for a long time?

13. Bill is still a bad driver although he (drive) ____has been driving____ cars for six years.

14. You look very tired. (You work) ____Have you worked___ very hard ?

15. The phone (ring) ___has been ringing__ for 2 minutes, but I (not answer) ___haven’t answered__ it yet.

II. Put the correct preposition for the sentences below.

1. Academic courses should teach practical skills ______in_______ addition to critical thinking.

2. When a student enters a college or university, he/she has to choose a main subject ______of_____ study, which is called major.

3. Specialized vocational courses such _______as______ design and cooking are very popular.

4. Students _______with________ bachelor's degrees can pursue postgraduate education to get master's or doctoral degrees.

5. It's difficult ________to_______ find a place to park in the city centre.

6. Although Kevin did not have any academic qualifications, he had a lot _____of______ practical experience.

7. We have just attended a seminar _______on____ further education.

8. Students can choose to pursue further education which is generally divided ______into_____ higher education and vocational education and training.

9. I started the course two weeks ago, but I have already passed most _______of______ the tests.

10. The academic year has just started and I have been living _______in_____ the halls of residence so far.

III. Choose the correct words in brackets to complete the sentences.

1. Prof. Wilson has given / has been giving the same seminar to students for the last 12 years.

2. She has never understood / has never been understanding why so many young people want to study abroad.

3. Nam has studied / has been studying English for two years.

4. He has attended / has been attending online vocational courses twice.

5. Have you applied / Have you applying for the scholarship to study in Singapore?

6. We have waited / have been waiting for the university's reply about entry requirements for the whole week. We hope to receive it soon.

7. The British Council has used / has been using IELTS as an international standardised test of English for non-native English language speakers for a long time.

8. The university has built / has been building a new campus since May.

9. We have read / have been reading three books on vocational training to complete this project.

10. They have read / have been reading a report on a further education since last Monday. I will finish it this Sunday.

11. Mary has stayed / has been staying at a homestay for three weeks during her undergraduate programme.

12. I have applied / have been applying for a vocational scholarship three times.

IV. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form the word that fits in the gap in the same line.

1. Can you explain what types of _____funding___ are available for international students? (FUND)

2. Are _____international_____ students allowed to work part-time? (NATIONAL)

3. I'd like to consult you about the ______cultural_____ differences (that) I should be aware of. (CULTURE)

4. What _____worries______ me most is the high cost of living in London as an international student. (WORRY)

5. One of the reasons for Vietnamese students' studying abroad is the quality of the _____academic_____ programmes in higher education. (ACADEMY)

6. Most of these students are interested in pursuing ______undergraduate_______ studies for bachelor's degrees. (GRADUATE)

7. Some students decide to study in the United States or the United Kingdom to improve their language _____skills______, which can help them to get a better job. SKILLFUL

8. Some universities in the United States offer different ____scholarships___ to international students to help to cover tuition fees and living costs. (SCHOOL)

9. The higher education _____qualifications_____ gained at UK universities and colleges are recognised worldwide. (QUALIFY)

10. Universities must better prepare students for their _____professional_____ careers. (PROFESSION)

V. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.

1. We ____ him since he ____ married.

A. didn't see/got         B. haven't seen/got      C. don't/get                 D. hadn't seen/got

2. I ____ the money yet.

A. not received           B. didn't receive          C. haven't received     D. hadn't received

3. Today is Thursday and she ____ late twice this week. She ____ late yesterday and on Monday.

A. is/was                     B. has been/is              C. has been/was          D. has been/had been

4. We ____ what to do with the money yet.

A. not decide              B. didn't decide          C. haven't decided      D. hadn't decided

5. My father ____ as a teacher for almost thirty years.

A. works                     B. is working               C. worked                   D. has been working

6. He ____ to New York at least three times this year.

A. had been going B. was going                     C. has been going        D. is going

7. They ____ to know each other for more than ten years.

A. get                          B. got                          C. have got                  D. had got

8. She ____ dishes already.

A. was washing           B. washed                   C. has washed                         D. has been washing

9. I  ____ you for ages.

A. haven't been meeting         B. didn't meet                         C. wasn't meeting       D. haven't met

10. Tom is still watching television. He ____ television all day.

A. has been watching             B. was watching         C. has watched           D. watched

11. A Bachelor's degree is a three-year or four-year course you take in undergraduate higher education after you ____ further education.

A. has finished            B. had been finishing              C. have finished          D. have been finishing

12. At most institutions in the UK, the ____ starts in September or October and runs until June or July.

A. leap year                 B. gap year                  C. new year                 D. academic year

13. That university ____ the Advanced Programme with the aim to enrol around 500 international students for a decade.

A. has been implementing                               B. will be implementing

C. have implemented                                      D. will implement

14. Further and higher education colleges offer courses and qualification wide range of vocational and academic subjects at many ____.

A. levels                      B. positions                 C. standards                D. qualities

15. Depending on your nationality, you may be ____ for a loan or financial support from the UK government.

A. keen                        B. eligible                    C. legal                        D. capable

16. The UK offers a wide range of work-based ____ for students seeking to build careers in specific industries.

A. exercising               B. practicing                C. learning                   D. training

17. University ____ in Vietnam can decide their own criteria for enrolling international students.

A. bosses                     B. leaders                    C. principals                D. rectors

18. A Bachelor's degree is also known as the ____ university degree or an undergraduate degree.

A. main                       B. ordinary                  C. first                         D. major

19. The teachers at Edinburgh College encourage students to ____ with others, experiment with arts and find their own ideas.

A. solve                       B. collaborate              C. support                   D. improve

20. With thousands of UK further education courses on offer, you can choose a course that ____ your goals and interests.

A. watches                  B. appoints                  C. fixes                        D. matches

C. READING

I. Fill the blank with a suitable word.

In the USA, further education generally refers to education undertaken by adults of all ages after leaving full-time study. It doesn't include degree courses (1) ___taken___ at college or university directly after leaving high school, which come under (2) ___higher___ education.

Further education includes everything from basic reading and writing skills for the illiterate to full-time professional and doctorate degrees at university. On many university (3) ___campuses__, more students are enrolled in further education courses than in (4) __regular__ degree programmes.

Often adult education students don't need to be high school or degree graduates or take any tests or interviews, and they're generally (5) ___admitted___ on a first-come, first served basis. A high school diploma is (6) ___required___ for some courses, although General Educational Development (GED) tests allow students to (7) ___earn____ a high school equivalency diploma.

Adult education courses may be full-time or part-time and are provided by two and four-year colleges, universities, community colleges, (8) ___technical__ schools, and elementary and high schools. Courses are also provided by private community organizations, government (9) __agencies__, and job training centres. More and more adult education programmes are becoming (10) ___available___ on the Internet, including courses which offer university or continuing education credits for completion.

II. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only one word in each space.

leading            straight            long                 fields                education

higher              offers               persuade          skilled              qualifications

Further education in Britain means (1) ___ education ___ after GCSE exams taken around the age of 16. It includes courses of study (2) ____ leading ___ to A-levels which students do at their school or college. Some students go (3) _____ straight_____ to a college of further education which (4) ____ offers __ a wide range of full or part-time courses. Further education also includes training for professional (5) ____ qualifications __ in nursing, accountancy, and management and in (6) ____ fields _____ such as arts and music. The term

(7) _____ higher _____ education is used to refer to degree courses at universities.

The British government is keen on (8) ____ persuade ____ more young people to remain in

education as (9) _____long_____ as possible in order to build up a more highly (10) ___ skilled ___, better educated workforce.

III. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank in the following passage.

British further education qualifications are respected by employers and (1) ____ worldwide. There are two main types: academic courses, and vocational and professional courses. Academic courses help you (2) ____ for higher education at a university or college. They aim to develop your analytical skills, critical

thinking and knowledge. (3) ____ and professional courses give you the skills and qualification you need to enter and succeed in your chosen career. They offer technical (4) ____ and skills for the workplace.

British (5) ____ education providers invest heavily in facilities - from libraries, computer centres and science laboratories to sports centres, theatres and arts studios. Class sizes are (6) ____ to ensure that you have access to equipment and enough time to talk to your tutors and lectures.

British qualifications are a great boost to your CV and to your earnings. Employers are increasingly looking for (7) ____ with multicultural experience. Moreover, British colleges and universities have strong links with industry - many courses are designed in partnership with, and taught by, industry professional. Many include the option of a year in industry or a work placement, giving you real professional (8) ____.

English is widely regarded as the language of business. Studying in the UK helps you learn language quickly, through your studies, friends and everyday life. If you need any additional support, (9) ____ are lots of English language classes across the UK.

The UK is a truly multicultural society, with a wonderful mix of people from many different backgrounds. As a student, you'll get to know people from all over the world and be inspired by many cultures. Many colleges have international offices and advisers to ensure you feel welcome and are supported (10) ____ your time in British further education.

1. A. academics           B. academy                 C. academical              D. academically

2. A. get                      B. prepare                    C. make                       D. support

3. A. Occasional          B. Vocational              C. Optional                 D. Various

4. A. growing              B. changing                 C. adding                    D. training

5. A. further                B. each                        C. both                        D. every

6. A. bored                  B. restricted                C. expensive                D. attracted

7. A. joins                    B. enters                      C. arrives                     D. graduates

8. A. experiment         B. factor                      C. experience             D. problem

9. A. there                   B. that                                     C. which                      D. they

10. A. in                      B. over                        C. throughout             D. cross

IV. Read the passage and choose the best answer.

It's called 42 - the name taken from the answer to the meaning of life, from the science fiction series The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. 42 was founded by French technology billionaire Xavier Niel, whose backing means there are no tuition fees and accommodation is free. Mr Niel and his co-founders come from the world of technology and start-ups, and they are trying to do to education what Facebook did to communication and Airbus to accommodation.

Students at 42 are given a choice of projects that they might be set in a job as a software engineer - perhaps to design a website or a computer game. They complete a project using resources freely available on the Internet and by seeking help from their fellow students, who work alongside them in a large open-plan room full of computers. Another student will then be randomly assigned to mark their work.

The founders claim this method of learning makes up for shortcomings in the traditional education system, which they say encourages students to be passive recipients of knowledge. “Peer-to-peer learning develops students with the confidence to search for solutions by themselves, often in quite creative and ingenious ways."

Like in computer games, the students are asked to design and they go up a level by completing a project. They graduate when they reach level 21, which usually takes three to five years. And at the end, there is a certificate but no formal degree. Recent graduates are now working at companies including IBM, Amazon, and Tesla, as well as starting their own firms.

"The feedback we have had from employers is that our graduates are more apt to go off and find out information for themselves, rather than asking their supervisors what to do next," says Brittany Bir, chief operating officer of 42 in California and a graduate of its sister school in Paris. Ms Bir says 42's graduates will be better able to work with others and discuss and defend their ideas - an important skill in the "real world” of work. “This is particularly important in computer programming, where individuals are notorious for lacking certain human skills," she says.

But could 42's model of teacherless learning work in mainstream universities? Brittany Bir admits 42's methods do not suit all students. "It suits individuals who are very disciplined and self-motivated, and who are not scared by having the freedom to work at their own pace," she says.

Question 1: According to the passage, 42 is ____.

A. a kind of school                                                     B. a type of accommodation

C. an innovation in technology                                   D. a tool of virtual communication

Question 2: The word "them" in paragraph 2 refers to ____.

A. students at 42         B. projects                   C. resources                 D. software engineers

Question 3: The author mentions “to design a website or a computer game” in paragraph 2 to illustrate ____.

A. a job that a French software engineer always does

B. a choice of assignment that students at 42 have to complete

C. a free resource available on the Internet

D. a help that students at 42 get for their work

Question 4: What do 42's graduates receive on completion of their course?

A. a certificate            B. a degree                  C. a project                  D. a design

Question 5: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. The founders of 42 share the idea of providing free service on Facebook.

B. It normally takes 42's students at least five years to complete their course.

C. The students of 42 are required to play computer games during their course.

D. 42's peer-to-peer approach promotes active learning and working.

Question 6: According to Ms Bir, 42's graduates will be able to improve ____.

A. the skills of giving feedback                                  B. the skills of searching for information

C. the skills of teamwork and debating                      D. the skills of software programming

Question 7: The word "notorious" in paragraph 5 can be best replaced by ____.

A. respectable             B. incompetent            C. infamous                 D. memorable

Question 8: It can be inferred from the passage that ____.

A. 42 is a good choice for people of all ages and nationalities

B. all 42's graduates are employed by world leading technology companies

C. 42's students have to handle the task assigned without any assistance

D. 42 adopts project-based and problem-solving learning methods

D. WRITING

I. Rewrite the sentences, using the present perfect or the present perfect continuous.

1. I started discussing my research proposal with my professor at the beginning of my course. We're still discussing it.

→ I have been discussing my research proposal with my professor since the beginning of my course.

2. Nam's still studying English. He started studying it two years ago. (for)

→ Nam has been studying English for two years.

3. I started learning how to play the piano eight months ago. I'm still learning it.

→ I have been learning to play the piano for eight months.

4. He attended two online vocational courses: one in 2012 and the other in 2013. (twice)

→ He has attended online vocational courses twice.

5. They visited this college in 2009, 2012 and 2014. (three times)

→ They have visited this college three times. / They have visited this college three times before.

6. The British Council established IELTS a long time ago. It still uses this test as an international standardised test of English for non- native English language speakers. (for)

→ The British Council has been using IELTS as an international standardized test of English for non- native English language speakers for a long time.

7. She started her research project last month. She's still doing it.

→ She has been doing her research project since last month.

8. The university started building a new campus in May. They are still building it. (since)

→ The university has been building a new campus since May.

9. The graduate students started arriving at four o'clock. They are all in the lecture hall.

→ The graduate students have all arrived at the lecture hall.

10. Mary is staying at a homestay during her undergraduate programme. The programme began three weeks ago. (for)

→ Mary has been staying at a homestay for three weeks during her undergraduate programme.

PART 3: TEST YOURSELF

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.

1. A. business             B. bustle                      C. hundred                  D. number

2. A. modern               B. mother                    C. opera                       D. hobby

3. A. function              B. assimilation             C. question                  D. communication

4. A. thousand            B. Thailand                 C. theatre                    D. think

5. A. French                B. school                     C. mechanic                D. chemistry

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.

1. A. extinction           B. furniture                 C. applicant                 D. wilderness

2. A. bamboo              B. offer                       C. student                   D. minute

3. A. facility                B. minority                  C. necessary                D. priority

4. A. apply                  B. differ                      C. decide                     D. protect

5. A. charity                B. accurate                  C. erosion                    D. dangerous

III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.

1. I'm very hungry. I ____ all day.

A. didn't eat                B. haven't ate              C. haven't eaten          D. have been eating

2. Their new kitchen looks fantastic. They ____ completely ____ it.

A. have /been redecorating                             B. have/redecorated

C. already /redecorated                                   D. didn't/redecorated

3. Our kitchen's a mess. We ____ any cleaning for weeks.

A. didn't do                B. haven't been doing                         C. have done                           D. haven't done

4. I think they are dating. They ____ each other a lot recently.

A. had seen                 B. haven't been seeing            C. have been seeing                D. have seen

5. We've discovered in this great café and we ____ there a lot.

A. have been going     B. have gone               C. are going                 D. have went

6. How's your Mum? I ____ her for ages.

A. had seen                 B. haven't seen            C. haven't been seeing            D. didn't see

7. You're covered in paint! What ____ you ____?

A. have / done             B. were / doing           C. did / do                   D. have / been doing

8. She's gone to the doctor's. She ____ well lately.

A. hasn't felt               B. hasn't been feeling              C. has felt        D. doesn't feel

9. I ____ for ages now.

A. have waited            B. waited                    C. was waiting            D. have been waiting

10. I have to write an essay. I ____ about half of it so far.

A. have written           B. have been writing               C. wrote          D. have to write

11. As well as studying on ____ in the UK, you can also choose to study outside the UK - for example by distance learning.

A. department                         B. dormitory               C. campus                   D. accommodation

12. You can choose to study online or on ____, in the UK or even at an overseas site.

A. the move                B. campus                   C. the ground              D. board

13. IB students can select subjects so that they specialise in a particular academic field, but mathematics, native language and theory of knowledge are ____ subjects.

A. compulsory             B. certain                     C. optional                  D. elective

14. In England, most students in further education are adults ____ on part time programmes.

A. joined                     B. joining                    C. enrolled                  D. enrolling

15. In some institutions, A-levels can also be awarded in combination with other ____, such as International Baccalaureate certificates.

A. courses                   B. levels                      C. examinations          D. qualifications

16. Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City ____ around 30 undergraduate courses in English since 2000.

A. have been setting up                                  B. have been set up

C. has set up                                                    D. has been setting up

17. The International Baccalaureate is also now offered by more schools in the UK as a(n) ____ to A-levels.

A. alternative              B. option                     C. choice                     D. substitution

18. Vietnam National University - Ha Noi, the country's largest ___ , has been carrying out a similar project since 2008, setting up six undergraduate, three masters and a PhD programme taught in English.

A. school                     B. faculty                    C. institute                  D. institution

19. Further education courses are usually described as either ____ or vocational.

A. major                      B. partial                     C. academic                D. practical

20. Academic ____ are official copies of your academic work.

A. transcripts               B. reminds                   C. accounts                 D. statements

IV. Find and correct the mistakes.

1. How long has you been living here?                                              → have

2. I has been living here for 2 years.                                                   → have

3. Have they working in this company since 1990?                          → been working

4. She has been cried all day long.                                                     → crying

5. I have waiting for my turn for 20 minutes.                                    → been waiting

6. She have been cleaning her house for 4 hours.                               → has

7. I'm tired because I worked very hard.                                           → have been working

8. He has write his letter all the morning.                                           → been writing

9. Jane is getting fatter because she has eating too much.                 → been eating

10. My mother has peeling potatoes all the morning.                         → been peeling

V. Fill in the blank with a suitable word.

Like any other universities, the Open University can give you a degree. However, you don't have to (1) ____stop____ working to study. It can also open up a whole variety (2) ____of____ interest. If you have (3) ____never____ studied before, you will enjoy the special, new pleasure of (4) ____increasing___ your knowledge. You will make friends of (5) ____all____ kinds. You may also (6) ____find_____ that your qualification provides new career opportunities.

You don't actually (7) _____go_____ to the Open University for lectures, but study at home, using television, radio and computer software. You can (8) ___attend____ one class a month if you wish at an Open University centre. Of course, there are exams to take, as in (9) _____any___ university. If you (10) ___would___ like to know more, all you have to do is complete the form below. It could be the start of a wonderful new period in your life.

VI. Choose the word in the box to complete the text.

professional                 instructions                  separation                   distant

subject                         individual                    systems                        courses

Distant education is a rapidly developing approach to (1) ____ instructions _____ throughout the business. The approach has been widely used by business, industrial, and medical organizations. For many years, doctors, veterinarians, pharmacists, engineers, and lawyers have used it to continue their

(2) ___ professional ____ education. Recently, academic instructions have been using (3) ____ distant ____ education to reach a more diverse and geographically disperse audience not accessible through traditional classroom instructions.

The distinguishing characteristics of distant education is the (4) ___ separation ____ of the instructor and students during the learning process. The communication of the (5) ____ subject _____ matter is primarily to individuals rather than groups. As a consequence, the course content must be delivered by instructional media.

The media may be primarily printed, as in the case of traditional correspondence course. Audiocassettes, videotapes, videodiscs, computer-based instructions, and interactive video (6) ____ courses ____ can be sent to (7) ____ individual ____ students. In addition, radio, broadcast television, telelectures, and teleconferences are utilized for "live" distant education. The latter two delivery (8) ____ systems _____ allow for interactive instructions between the instructor and students.

VII. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

If you (1) ____ to go to a university, you usually apply during your last year at school, when you are 17-18. You can apply to (2) ____ at any university in Britain and most people choose a university that is not in their own town. So, university students usually live away from home. Students get a grant from the government to study. At the beginning of your last year at school, you (3) ____ an application form. On this form you choose up to five universities that you would like to go to. The form is sent to those universities with (4) ____ from your school about your academic (5) ____. If the universities are interested in your application, they will offer you a place.

Any offer, however, is only conditional at this stage. Applications and interviews take (6) ____ several months before students do their A-level examinations. These are the exams that you do at the end of your time at school. So, when a university makes an (7) ____, it will tell you the minimum grades that you will have to get when you do your A-level exams. If you don't obtain those grades, then, you will not be able to (8) ____ the place. It will be offered to someone else and you must apply (9) ____ to another university. You don't have to accept your place immediately. Some students don't want to straight from school to university. (10) ____, after they have taken their A-level, they take a year out to work or travel.

1. A. want                   B. make                       C. perform                   D. participate

2. A. lead                    B. link                         C. study                      D. lock

3. A. reply                   B. ban                          C. receive                    D. forward

4. A. problem              B. information             C. support                   D. present

5. A. degree                B. diploma                  C. certificate               D. record

6. A. out                      B. place                       C. in                            D. after

7. A. attempt               B. offer                       C. secondary               D. main

8. A. get                      B. make                       C. remind                    D. inquire

9. A. soon                    B. again                       C. against                    D. much

10. A. So                     B. But                         C. Because                  D. Then

VIII. Read a text about common wedding rituals in the USA and answer the questions that follow.

The system of higher education had its origin in Europe in the Middle Ages, when the first universities were established. In modern times, the nature of higher education around the world, to some extent, has been determined by the models of influential countries such as France and Germany.

Both France and Germany have systems of higher education that are basically administered by state agencies. Entrance requirements for students are also similar in both countries. In France, an examination called the baccalauréat is given at the end of secondary education. Higher education in France is free and open to all students who have passed this baccalauréat. Success in this examination allows students to continue their higher education for another three or four years until they have attained the first university degree called a licence in France.

Basic differences, however, distinguish these two countries' systems. French educational districts, called académies, are under the direction of a rector, an appointee of the national government who is also in charge of universities in each district. The uniformity in curriculum throughout the country leaves each university with little to distinguish itself. Hence, many students prefer to go to Paris, where there are better accommodations and more cultural amenities for them. Another difference is the existence in France of prestigious higher educational institutions known as grandes écoles, which provide advanced professional and technical training. Most of these schools are not affiliated with the universities, although they too recruit their students by giving competitive examinations to candidates. The grandes écoles provide rigorous training in all branches of applied science and technology, and their diplomas have a somewhat higher standing than the ordinary licence.

In Germany, the regional universities have autonomy in determining their curriculum under the direction of rectors elected from within. Students in Germany change universities according to their interests and the strengths of each university. In fact, it is a custom for students to attend two, three, or even four different universities in the course of their undergraduate studies, and the majority of professors at a particular university may have taught in four or five others. This high degree mobility means that schemes of study and examination are marked by a freedom and individuality unknown in France.

France and Germany have greatly influenced higher education systems 20cd the world. The French, either through colonial influence or the work of missionaries, introduced many aspects of their system in other countries. The German the first to stress the importance of universities as research facilities, and they also created a sense of them as emblems of a national mind.

Question 1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. The nature of education around the world in modern times

B. Systems of higher education in France and Germany

C. The origin of higher education system in Europe

D. The influence of France and Germany on educational systems of other countries

Question 2. The word “uniformity” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ____.

A. proximity                B. discrepancy            C. similarity                 D. uniqueness

Question 3. The word "their" in paragraph 3 refers to ____.

A. schools                   B. universities C. examinations          D. branches

Question 4. Which of the following about grandes écoles in France is NOT stated in paragraph 3?

A. Most of them have no connection with universities.

B. They have a reputation for advanced professional and technical training.

C. Their degrees are better recognized than those provided by universities.

D. They offer better accommodations and facilities than universities.

Question 5. According to the passage, a regional university rector in Germany is elected by ____.

A. the staff of the university                                      B. the national government officials

C. the regional government officials                           D. the staff of other universities

Question 6. According to paragraph 4, what makes it possible for students in Germany to attend different universities during their undergraduate studies?

A. The university staff have become far more mobile and occupied.

B. The university's training programs offer greater flexibility and freedom of choice.

C. University tuition fees are kept at an affordable level for all students.

D. Entry requirements to universities in Germany are made less demanding.

Question 7. The word “emblems” in the final paragraph is closest in meaning to

A. representatives       B. directions                C. structures                D. delegates

Question 8. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Studying in France and Germany is a good choice for people of all ages and nationalities.

B. It normally takes longer to complete a university course in France than in Germany.

C. Universities in Germany can govern themselves more effectively than those in France.

D. The level of decentralization of higher education is greater in Germany than in France.