Unit 6. GLOBAL WARMING

Part I. PHONETICS

Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

1. A. genius                 B. gorilla                     C. global                      D. gases

2. A. pollution B. poaching                 C. physical                   D. pesticide

3. A. warming B. warn                        C. walk            D. wasn't

4. A. floor                    B. flood                        C. moorland                D. door

5. A. increase              B. release                    C. please                     D. grease

Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.

6. A. campaign            B. global                      C. balance                   D. carbon

7. A. natural                B. endangered            C. dangerous               D. habitat

8. A. rainforest            B. tropical                   C. discover                  D. animal

9. A. pollution B. continue                  C. enormous                D. disappear

10. A. devastated        B. environment           C. diversity                  D. ecology

Part II. VOCABULARY

Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

11. We need to cut down on the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

A. intake                      B. retake                     C. uptake                     D. discharge

12. Land erosion is mainly caused by widespread deforestation.

A. afforestation           B. reforestation           C. logging                    D. lawn mowing

13. In the past, a lot of countries denied having contributed to global warming.

A. agreed                    B. refuted                    C. approved                 D. avoided

14. Most people admit that they contribute to global warming.

A. be partly responsible for                B. disapprove              C. neglect                    D. cause

15. We must admit that people are heavily polluting the environment.

A. decline                    B. rebut                       C. deny                        D. accept

16. In the polluted environment, infectious diseases can be passed easily from one person to another.

A. fatal                        B. safe                         C. contagious              D. immune

17. Global warming has severe impact on water supplies.

A. very good                B. very bad                  C. normal                    D. long-lasting

18. Global warming occurs when the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap the heat from the sun.

A. catch                       B. discharge                C. dispose                    D. release

19. Such unhygienic conditions encourage the spread of diseases.

A. decline                    B. stability                   C. decrease                 D. increase

20. Deforestation is one of the biggest environmental threats to the ecological balance in the world.

A. sureties                   B. certainties               C. dangers                   D. safety

21. As fossil fuel resources are running out, it is important for the government to find some types of alternative energy.

A. irreplaceable          B. substitute                C. impossible               D. practical

22. Local people have cut down the forests to make way for farming.

A. allow farming to take place                       B. lose way in farming

C. have a way of farming                               D. give way to farming

23. Because farmers had been informed about the bad effects of chemical fertilisers, they started using them sparingly on their farms.

A. carelessly                B. moderately                         C. recklessly                D. irresponsibly

24. Global warming is one of the biggest issues facing humans nowadays.

A. causes                     B. factors                     C. concerns                 D. agreements

25. The biggest cause of global warming is carbon dioxide emissions from coal burning power plants.

A. fauna                       B. flora                        C. trees                        D. factories

26. Global warming effects on people and nature are catastrophic.

A. destructive              B. constructive            C. evaluative               D. creative

27. Coal burning releases a large amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

A. discourages             B. reduces                   C. relaxes                    D. discharges

28. The demand for cars is increasing rapidly in the modern world.

A. need                        B. offer                        C . reply                       D. discovery

29. Forests absorb and capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

A. take up                    B. take in                     C. take over                 D. take to

30. The process of forests absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere has been disrupted by the current alarming rate of deforestation.

A. discussed                 B. discovered              C. disturbed                 D. distributed

31. Flood and drought are two major causes of famine.

A. family                      B. obesity                    C. hygiene                   D. hunger

32. Water shortages are likely to delay economic growth and damage ecosystems.

A. aid                           B. advance                  C. deter                       D. defer

33. It is important to maintain the biological diversity of the rainforests.

A. similarity                 B. identity                    C. variety                     D. compatibility

34. We may help if we cut down on energy use by using LED lightbulbs and unplug unused electronic devices.

A. reuse                       B. reduce                     C. recycle                    D. reproduce

35. Reusing and recycling glass, plastic, paper and other products help to reduce waste and pollution, and conserve natural resources.

A. preserve                  B. reserve                    C. converse                 D. reverse

36. The thick layer of global warming gases keeps more heat from the sun, which leads to the increase in the earth temperature.

A. catches                    B. releases                  C. allows                      D. loses

37. Global warming results in climate change and extreme weather patterns.

A. results from            B. causes                     C. originates                D. is due to

38. Our city is going to ban supermarkets from using plastic bags.

A. reduce                     B. encourage               C. prohibit                   D. allow

39. Many species are threatened with extinction due to deforestation and loss of habitat.

A. damaged                 B. spoilt                       C. treated                    D. endangered

40. It is important to raise money to help people who have to suffer consequences of global warming.

A. collect                     B. donate                     C. sponsor                   D. contribute

41. Everyone should remember to switch off the lights before going out.

A. go off                      B. turn off                    C. take off                   D. log off

42. We may help to control global warming by reducing carbon footprints in our homes.

A. putting up with       B. getting down to      C. cutting down on                  D. going back to

Exercise 4. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

43. Cutting down on energy use is the best way to help reduce global warming.

A. Shrinking                 B. Declining                 C. Decreasing              D. Increasing

44. We should grow more trees so that they can absorb more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

A. emit                        B. take in                     C. consume                 D . cut off

45. Releasing too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere can lead to global warming.

A. result in                   B. result from             C. cause                       D. activate

46. Farmers turned to bio-fertilisers after they had been told about the dangers of chemical fertilisers.

A. trusted                    B. disbelieved              C. counted on              D. depended on

47. The factory owner denied having said that he should take responsibility for the damage that his factory caused to the surrounding environment.

A. refuted                    B. rejected                  C. opposed                  D. accepted

48. Some scientists are accused of not having reported the effects of climate change.

A. exonerated             B. blamed                    C. charged                   D. complained

49. They were criticised for having acted irresponsibly towards the environment.

A. blamed                    B. commended                        C. condemned                         D. denounced

50. The factory was fined for having dumped a huge amount of rubbish into the river.

A. penalised                B. levied                      C. compensated                      D. punished

Part III. GRAMMAR

Exercise 5. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

51. With clear evidence, his company couldn't deny having dump a large quantity of toxins into the sea.

                        A                                                          B             C                                                       D

 

52. Humans now have to suffer the effects of global warming due to having treat the environment irresponsibly.

                                A                                        B                           C                               D

53. Having denied the responsibility for the environmental it caused, the factory was forced to close down.

                A                              B                                  C                                                      D

54. Having been warn about the relationship between climate change and the spread of infectious diseases,

                  A                                                                   B                                                       C

everyone should get vaccinated.

                                      D

55. These companies were accused on having released a large amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

                  A                              B                    C                                                                                 D

56. Having deciding on the topic of the presentation, he started finding relevant information for it.

                 A                                         B                            C                                                           D

57. Having known about the harmful affects the company had on our neighbourhood, we decided to boycott its

                A                                          B                                  C                                                                 D

products.

58. Having signed an agreement to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, we were determined to help reduced

                A                                          B                                                                      C                      D

global warming.

59. Having identified the most urgent environmental problems, they start working out all possible solutions.

                 A                             B                                                          C                 D

60. Having spent all their saving money, they started do some odd jobs to make ends meet.

              A                                  B                             C                                                 D

61. Having cutting down many trees in the area, now the people here have to suffer really hot summers.

               A                                                 B                                                C                       D

62. Having decided to use public transport instead private transport, we were determined to reduce carbon

                A                                                      B                                                         C                      D

footprints.

63. Having cycled to work every day, I become more responsibly for the environmental issues.

              A                                B                                        C                                       D

64. Having watched TV programmes about the farmers' careless use of chemical fertilisers on they crops, many

                   A                                         B                                                                                            C

citizen dwellers decided to grow their own vegetables.

                                    D

65. Having suffered water shortage in the past, we are all very economic on using water.

                   A                                           B                                    C                  D

66. Having change our attitude to nature, we started changing our behaviours as well.

              A                                B                                 C                         D

Exercise 6. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

67. The president of the company officially apologised to the local residents ____ having dumped a large amount of raw sewage in the area.

A. about                       B. with                         C. at                             D. for

68. The factory was accused ____ having caused higher level of pollution to the environment.

A. about                       B. on                            C. of                             D. for

69. We all admire him ____ having changed both his attitude and behaviours towards the environmental issues.

A. about                       B. for                           C. with                         D. at

70. Human activities are also blamed ____ having contributed to global warming.

A. for                           B. on                            C. at                             D. with

71. We congratulated him ____ having invented an energy-saving device.

A. for                           B. at                             C. about                       D. on

72. He was criticised ____ not having put the elephant poachers in jail.

A. at                             B. about                       C. for                           D. on

73. His company was punished ____ not having dumped the rubbish properly.

A. by                            B. for                           C. about                                   D. because of

74. The city mayor praised all voluntary students ____ having cleaned the playgrounds for the children.

A. for                           B. because of                          C. at                             D. due to

75. He thanked us ____ having contributed to cleaning the surrounding environment.

A. on                            B. to                             C. with                                     D. for

76. He was suspected ____ having received presents from the local companies and ignored their violations of the environmental law.

A. about                       B. on                            C. of                                         D. for

77. Even when arrested, he denied ____ cut down that tree.

A. has                          B. having                     C. have                                    D. have had

78. Those farmers admitted ____ having used more chemical fertilisers than needed.

A. on                            B. about                       C. for                           D. to

79. He forgot ____ promised to cut down on the carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere.

A. to promise              B. have                        C. having                     D. had

80. I remembered having ____ off the lights before leaving home.

A. switched                  B. switch                      C. switching                 D. switches

81. He regretted not ____ registered for military service last spring.

A. have                        B. having                     C. having had                          D. having done

82. The local residents suspected the authorities ____ having kept the pollution level secret from the local people.

A. about                       B. on                            C. of                             D. for

83. He denied having polluted the environment, ____ no one believed him.

A. however                  B. despite                    C. but                           D. in spite of

84. Thank you for having ____ the information about global warming.

A. shared                     B. sharing                    C. share                       D. shares

85. He regretted ____ killed and eaten several rare species.

A. to have                    B. having                     C. have                        D. has

86. His company was fined ____ dumped tons of toxic waste near the residential area.

A. to have                    B. because of having               C. for having                           D. of having

87. These students were rewarded ____ actively taken part in voluntary activities.

A. with                         B. before                     C. on having                            D. for having

88. She was praised ____ donated a lot of money to the wildlife protection organisation.

A. for having               B. to have                    C. because of having                           D. due to having

89. I remember ____ advised you to stop hunting endangered animals.

A. to have                    B. having                     C. have                        D. had

90. The local authorities were blamed ____ ignored the pollution issues in the area.

A. about having           B. on having                C. for having                           D. before having

Part IV. SPEAKING

Exercise 7. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges. Two friends Nam and Lan are talking about the topic of global warming.

91. Nam: What are the main threats to the environment today?

      Lan: ____

A. Threats are possible dangers to the environment.

B. Probably deforestation and global warming.

C. Environmental pollution is a big issue for our planet

D. We need a clean environment to live in.

92. Lan: How can ordinary people help protect the environment?

      Nam: ____

A. What can ordinary people do to help the environment?

B. Environment really needs our help.

C. We may use environmentally-friendly products.

D. Both governments and individuals are to blame on.

93. Nam: Do you do anything to protect the environment?

      Lan: ____

A. I refuse to use plastic bags and try to recycle as much as possible.

B. I use a lot of plastic bags and containers to save the environment.

C. I'm not interested in the subject of environment.

D. I don't want to change my lifestyle.

94. Lan: What solution to air pollution can you suggest?

      Nam: ____

A. Air pollution is really serious these days.

B. Smoke from factory chimneys pollutes the air.

C. Air pollution causes acid rain.

D. People should use public means of transport.

95. Nam: What is the biggest environmental problem facing our country?

      Lan: ____

A. Too much toxic sewage is dumped at sea.

B. All countries face environmental problems.

C. No one can help protect the environment.

D. Our country is facing the biggest environmental problem.

96. Nam: Is global warming a problem in our country?

      Lan: ____

A. Global warming is getting more and more serious.

B. Governments are closely working together to solve environmental problems.

C. Global warming causes sea level to rise.

D. Probably. The temperatures are getting hotter year by year in the area.

97. Nam: What causes global warming?

      Lan: ____

A. Changes in weather patterns resulting from global warming.

B. Too much carbon dioxide being trapped in the atmosphere.

C. Catastrophic consequences of global warming.

D. Common global warming consequences.

98. Nam: What are the consequences of global warming?

      Lan: ____

A. Global warming causes many consequences.

B. Consequences of global warming is catastrophic.

C. Icebergs melt and low-lying areas are flooded.

D. More trees are being cut down.

99. Nam: Why is global warming a problem?

      Lan: ____

A. People find it difficult to adapt to the changes in the weather patterns.

B. Global warming can benefit people in certain areas.

C. There's no need to worry about global warming.

D. Global warming is a very interesting topic for presentation.

100. Nam: What are global warming gases?

        Lan: ____

A. Global warming gases are mainly man-made.

B. Global warming gases are everywhere.

C. The amount of carbon dioxide is increasing.

D. Carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane.

101.Lan: What can government do to punish factories that violate environmental law?

       Nam: ____

A. So many of them are polluting the environment.

B. Yes, I think a big fine would be relevant.

C. They may force those factories to close down.

D. There are no factories in this region.

102. Lan : Who has to suffer global warming effects the most?

        Nam: ____

A. What are global warming effects?

B. Maybe poor people in low-lying areas.

C. All people suffer from global warming.

D. Only few people benefit from global warming.

103. Lan: How can we help to fight deforestation?

        Nam: ____

A. We may recycle paper and buy recycled paper products.

B. We may cut down trees at an alarming rate.

C. We should only cut branches of big trees.

D. We should set up animal ranches near forests.

104. Nam: What will happen if the low-lying areas are flooded?

        Lan: ____

A. Low-lying areas are often flooded.

B. Flood happens when water level rises.

C. Low-lying areas can never be flooded.

D. People in these regions will have to face a lot of problems.

105. Lan: What do you do to help the environment?

        Nam: ____

A. It is the responsibility of the government.

B. I try to recycle more and reduce carbon footprint.

C. Everyone can protect the environment.

D. Environment helps people live comfortably.

Part V. READING

Exercise 8. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME

We are probably all (106) ____ at some point in our lives of not caring for the environment as much as we should. Perhaps we drop litter without thinking, or cause (107) ____ by using our cars when it's not necessary. However, the real environmental (108) ____ are those big businesses which ignore the law. For many years now, (109) ____ have attempted to protect the environment by making businesses responsible for making sure that the chemical they use don't add to the (110) ____ of the environment. The problem for businesses is that the (111) ____ of the environment costs money, and businesses will always try to (112) ____ their costs if they can. Some of them do this by simply putting chemical into rivers when they have finished with them, leading to the (113) ____ of major problems. Although government (114) ____ may try to catch them doing it, it can be very difficult to get (115) ____ that a particular business is responsible for an environmental problem. It really depends (116) ____ not only the government but also businesses and individuals as well. All people need to contribute to (117) ____

the environment.

106. A. guilty                           B. proud                      C. sorry                        D. tired

107. A. damage                       B. pollution                  C. . accidents               D. trouble

108. A. agents                         B. crimes                     C. criminals                 D. doers

109. A. politicians                   B. politics                    C. parties                     D. residents

110. A. induction                     B. construction            C. instruction               D. destruction

111. A. production                  B. protection               C. destruction              D. deforestation

112. A. stabilise                       B. raise                        C. lower                       D. save

113. A. creation                      B. creativity                 C. creator                    D. creature

114. A. suspicion                     B. suspect                    C. inspection               D. inspectors

115. A. improvement              B. proof                       C. waterproof              D. prove

116. A. over                             B. at                             C. on                            D. in

117. A. protecting                   B. protect                    C. protected                D. protection

Exercise 9. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

The costs and benefits of global warming will vary greatly from area to area. For moderate climate change, the balance can be difficult to assess. But the larger the change in climate, the more negative the consequences will become. Global warming will probably make life harder, not easier, for most people This is mainly because we have already built enormous infrastructure based on the climate we now have.

People in some temperate zones may benefit from milder winters, more abundant rainfall, and expanding crop production zones. But people in other areas will suffer from increased heat waves, coastal erosion, rising sea le more erratic rainfall, and droughts.

The crops, natural vegetation, and domesticated and wild animals (including seafood) that sustain people in a given area may be unable to adapt to local or regional changes in climate. The ranges of diseases and insect pests that are limited by temperature may expand, if other environmental conditions are also favourable.

In its summary report on the impacts of climate change, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change stated, "Taken as a whole, the range of published evidence indicates that the net damage costs of climate change are likely to be significant and to increase over time.”

118. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Environment pollution is real.                    B. Reasons why low-lying areas are flooded.

C. Solutions to global warming.                      D. Reasons why global warming is a problem.

119. Which of the following is TRUE as the result of global warming?

A. All people suffer from global warming.                             B. All people benefit from global warming.

C. Life is more difficult for the majority of people.               D. Life is easier for most people.

120. In paragraph 1, the word “this” refers to ____.

A. harder life as a result of global warming              B. easier life as a result of global warming

C. climate change on global scale                              D. flood in low-lying areas

121. In paragraph 2, the word “erratic” is closest in meaning to ____.

A. predictable             B. unpredictable                     C. changeable             D. unchangeable

122. According to the passage, all of the following are the results of global warming EXCEPT ____.

A. higher temperature                                                            B. coastal erosion

C. increasing sea level                                                            D. stable rainfall

123. What may happen to diseases and insect pests as a result of global warming?

A. They will become extinct.                                      B. They will increase in number.

C. They will not harm our planet.                               D. They will be under good control.

Exercise 10. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

The Amazon rainforest is home to more than a third of all the world's species of plants, birds and animals. Twenty per cent of all the birds in the world live in the rainforest. Scientists have discovered thousands of types of plants and animals that can only be found there. There are thousands - probably millions more that we haven't discovered yet. There are at least 2.5 million species of insects there. Imagine what would happen if they all lost their home? It couldn't happen, could it? Unfortunately, it's happening right now. Yet, the rainforest is big. But it's getting smaller. The problem is that people are cutting down the trees, mainly to make room for cows. These provide meat and make money for their owners. This process of cutting down trees is called ‘deforestation'.

The good news is that it is slowing down. In 2004, for example, more than 27,000 square kilometres were cut down. That's an area bigger than Wales. In 2006, because of all the campaigns to save rainforest, it dropped to just over 13,000 square kilometres. The bad news is that it's not enough. Scientists predict that by 2030, the rainforest will have become smaller by 40%. It's possible that by the end of the 21st century, the rainforest will have completely disappeared. With deforestation, thousands of the animals, birds, fish and plants that live in the Amazon rainforest lose their home, their natural habitat. Some of them move to other areas, but most of them die. Many species have already become extinct, and many more will if deforestation continues. That will change the balance of life in the rainforest and could cause enormous problems to the region's ecosystem.

There's another problem too. Trees and plants are a vital source of oxygen. If we cut them down, we lose that oxygen. But it's worse than just that. With deforestation, the trees and plants are burnt. This sends gases into the Earth's atmosphere, which stops some of the Earth's heat escaping. That then leads to the temperature here on the ground going up. This increase in the world's temperature is called 'global warming', and most scientists believe it's a very serious issue. If they stopped deforestation, it might help prevent global warming.

124. Which title best summarises the main idea of the passage?

A. Chances for owners of cow ranches                      B. Threats to Amazon rainforest

C. Global warming effects                                          D. Habitat destruction

125. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A. A fifth of all the birds in the world live in the rainforest.

B. 20% of all the animals in the world live in the rainforest.

C. Nearly two million species of insects are found in the Amazon rainforest.

D. Nearly half of the world's species of plants grow there.

126. In paragraph 1, the word "room” is closest in meaning to ____.

A. chamber                 B. flat                          C. area                        D. studio

127. In paragraph 2, the word "it” refers to ____.

A. room                       B. process                    C. rainforest                D. deforestation

128. According the passage, which of the following is TRUE about Amazon rainforest?

A. It has become smaller by 40%.                              B. The deforestation is decreasing.

C. 25% of animal species are extinct now.                 D. The deforestation is under control.

129. In paragraph 2, the word “enormous” is closest in meaning to ____.

A. serious                    B. important                C. common                  D. insignificant

130. What might help to restrain global warming?

A. increasing deforestation                                        B. stabilising deforestation

C. ceasing cutting down trees                                    D. clearing more trees for farming

Part VI. WRITING

Exercise 11. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

131. Having seen people suffer global warming consequences, we decided to reduce carbon footprints.

A. We decided to reduce carbon footprints before seeing people suffer global warming consequences.

B. We saw people suffer global warming consequences after we decided to reduce carbon footprints.

C. We decided to cut down on carbon footprints after we saw people suffer global warming consequences.

D. We decided to cut down on carbon footprints before we saw people suffer global warming consequences.

132. Climate change leads to numerous catastrophic consequences.

A. Numerous catastrophic consequences result in climate change.

B. Numerous catastrophic consequences result from climate change.

C. Climate change results from numerous catastrophic consequences.

D. Numerous catastrophic consequences cause climate change.

133. The increase in earth's temperature can cause heat-related illnesses.

A. Heat-related illnesses result from the increase in earth's temperature.

B. Heat-related illnesses result in the increase in earth's temperature.

C. Heat-related illnesses lead to the increase in earth's temperature.

D. Heat-related illnesses trigger the increase in earth's temperature.

134. Carbon dioxide is one of the primary greenhouse gases that cause global warming.

A. Carbon dioxide is the only greenhouse gas that causes global warming.

B. Global warming results in greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide.

C. One of the main greenhouse gases that lead to global warming is carbon dioxide.

D. Global warming causes greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide.

135. Planting trees can contribute to reducing global warming.

A. Global warming can't be controlled by planting trees.

B. Planting trees is the only way to control global warming.

C. Planting trees can accelerate global warming.

D. Planting trees can help reduce global warming.

Exercise 12. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

136. He said that he would take responsibility for his company's damage to the area. But then he denied that.

A. Having denied his company's damage, he took responsibility for it.

B. He denied having damaged to his company's area.

C. He denied having taken responsibility for the damage to his company's area.

D. He denied having said that he would take responsibility for his company's damage to the area.

137. He donated a lot of money to environmental protection campaigns. He was admired for that.

A. Unless he donated a lot of money to environmental protection campaigns, he was admired.

B. He was admired for having donated a lot of money to environmental protection campaigns.

C. If he had donated a lot of money to environmental protection campaigns, he would have been admired.

D. If he donates a lot of money to environmental protection campaigns, he will be admired.

138. They decided to cut down their carbon footprints. They were praised for that.

A. They were praised for having decided to decrease their carbon footprints.

B. They were not punished for having decided to decrease their carbon footprints.

C. Unless they decided to cut down their carbon footprints, they were praised for that.

D. If they decided to cut down their carbon footprints, they would be praised for that.

139. We have advised you on how to cut down your energy use. We remember that.

A. We can no longer remember having advised you on how to decrease your energy use.

B. We remember having advised you on how to maintain your energy use.

C. We remember having advised you on how to decrease your energy use.

D. We remember to have advised you on how to decrease your energy use.

140. Some scientists have distorted the effects of climate change. They were accused of that.

A. Some scientists were accused of having falsify the effects of climate change.

B. Some scientists were accused of having been honest about the effects of climate change.

C. Although some scientists have distorted the effects of climate change, they were not accused.

D. Some scientists were accused of having falsified the effects of climate change.

 

 

 

Unit 7. FURTHER EDUCATION

Part I. PHONETICS

Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

1. A. degree                B. doctorate                C. graduate                 D. kindergarten

2. A. bachelor              B. chapter                   C. chemistry                D. teacher

3. A. culture                B. student                    C. institution                D. university

4. A. appreciate          B. psychology C. programme            D. respectively

5. A. academic            B. apply                       C. apology                   D. achieve

Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.

6. A. biology                B. geography               C. education                D. relationship

7. A. broaden              B. provide                    C. pursue                     D. succeed

8. A. college                B. degree                    C. language                 D. subject

9. A. analytical            B. opportunity             C. qualification            D. university

10. A. bachelor            B. diploma                   C. internship                D. scholarship

Part II. VOCABULARY

Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

11. It is not easy at all to get a good job without any ____ qualifications.

A. academic                B. social                       C. great                       D. favourite

12. At the ____ level, you can join three-year or four-year colleges.

A. primary                   B. secondary               C. postgraduate          D. undergraduate

13. Hugh is quite worried because he hasn't ____ for the end-of-term test.

A. examined                B. researched              C. studied                    D. read

14. Any pupil caught ____ was made to stand at the front of the class.

A. misbehave              B. misbehaved                        C. misbehaviour                      D. misbehaving

15. They ____ sacrifices so that their only child could have a good education.

A. made                       B. did                           C. provided                              D. lent

16. A university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants ____ degrees at all levels in a variety of subjects.

A. secondary               B. optional                   C. academic                D. vocational

17. You have to be highly ____ to do well in these subjects.

A. competitive             B. competitor              C. competition            D. competed

18. I can't cope well ____ all the homework I've got to do!

A. on                            B. of                             C. about                       D. with

19. ____ education normally provides undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational education and training.

A. Intermediate           B. Primary                   C. Secondary               D. Tertiary

20. You'll find plenty of books on the ____ of business studies in the library.

A. lesson                      B. subject                    C. curriculum                          D. schedule

21. I wonder if you could tell me who was awarded the ____.

A. scholar                    B. scholastic                C. scholarship                         D. scholarly

22. My dad said that I'd better spend more time on my ____.

A. student                    B. studied                    C. studious                               D. studies

23. He has got a degree ____ Information Technology from Oxford University.

A. in                             B. for                           C. on                            D. of

24. I don't really ____ the point of taking the exam when you are not ready for it.

A. annoy                      B. have                        C. see                          D. take

25. If you're not sure what “something” means, look it ____ in the dictionary.

A. for                           B. out                           C. at                             D. up

26. Mrs Dawson said that we are ____ our lesson in the library next Monday.

A. going                       B. having                     C. making                    D. reading

27. My dad wants me to go to university, but I'm in ____ minds about it.

A. different                  B. my                           C. some                       D. two

28. Yesterday, we had a discussion ____ different cultures.

A. about                       B. around                    C. for                           D. from

29. I still have a lot ____ about the English language.

A. for learning             B. of learning              C. learning                  D. to learn

30. Belinda missed a few months of school because of illness and found it difficult to keep ____ with her classmates.

A. on                            B. off                           C. down                       D. up

31. If you need to ____ the teacher's attention, just put up your hand.

A. attract                     B. pay                          C. take                         D. pull

32. I did six hours of ____ for the test, but I still failed.

A. education                B. survey                     C. revision                   D. training

33. Please, don't forget ____ your essays during Friday's lesson.

A. hand in                    B. handing in               C. to hand in                D. to handing in

34. Australians and New Zealanders often have a/an ____ year before going to college or after finishing high school to travel overseas independently.

A. gap                          B. new                         C. busy             D. graduation

35. It's my ____ ceremony next week; I think my parents are looking forward to it more than I am.

A. graduation              B. graduate                 C. graduating                          D. graduates

36. Going to university is expensive because in addition to the tuition ____, there are expenses for accommodation, books, living costs, etc.

A. grants                      B. fees                         C. fares                        D. scholarships

37. When I got to 16, some of my friends left school to get a job, but most ____.

A. dropped out            B. moved back            C. got in                       D. stayed on

38. The more ____ you have, the more chance you have of finding a better job.

A. courses                    B. contributions                       C. qualifications                      D. qualities

39. Next year, I have to decide which area of medicine I want to ____ in.

A. come                       B. focus                       C. hand                        D. specialise

40. I got a diploma in business administration, but still sometimes wish I had been able to go to university and get a ____.

A. certificate               B. diploma                   C. degree                    D. scholarship

Exercise 4. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

41. When you sit for the exam tomorrow, try to stay calm and relaxed.

A. answer                    B. take                         C. make                       D. write

42. If the examiner can't make sense of what your essay is about, you'll get the low mark.

A. declare                    B. estimate                  C. communicate                      D. understand

43. If you want to get a high mark on a test, review the material carefully beforehand.

A. performance                       B. score                       C. figure                      D. note

44. Some students only cram for tests when there is little time left, so their results are not satisfactory.

A. prepare in a short period                           B. prepare in a long time

C. prepare well                                               D. prepare badly

45. My application for the scholarship has been turned down because the transcript of marks is not satisfactory enough.

A. cancelled                B. postponed               C. reduced                   D. rejected

Exercise 5. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meanin the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

46. Students also have the opportunity to choose from a wide range of optional courses in the university.

A. mandatory              B. selective                  C. free                         D. limited

47. Tom did miserably on the final test, which caused a shock to everyone in the class.

A. took                         B. sat for                     C. failed                       D. passed

48. Schools are more relaxed nowadays as discipline is less tough than before.

A. accurate                  B. severe                     C. strict                        D. loose

49. Well, Mrs Baker, you'll be pleased to hear that George has made a dramatic improvement in geography.

A. meaningful B. important                C. insignificant                        D. steady

50. Most of the students in our country are interested in pursuing higher education to get bachelor's degrees.

A. following                 B. giving up                 C. trying                      D. interrupting

Part III. GRAMMAR

Exercise 6. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

51. I ____ English for five years. I study it at school.

A. have been learning             B. have learnt             C. learnt                      D. am learning

52. You can have your book back now. I ____ it.

A. have been reading              B. have read                C. had read                 D. read

53. You look upset. ____ you ____?

A. Are – crying            B. Do - cry                   C. Have - been crying                         D. Have - cried

54. How many times ____ you ____ that international conference?

A. did – attend            B. do - attend              C. have - been attending                    D. have - attended

55. I ____ for my math textbook all day, but I ____ it yet.

A. have been looking/haven't found                           B. have looked/haven't found

C. have been looking/haven't been finding                D. have looked/haven't been finding

56. Mum ____ all morning. She ____ lots of Christmas presents.

A. has shopped/has bought                                         B. has been shopping/has bought

C. has been shopping/has been buying                      D. has shopped/has been buying

57. Kevin ____ his homework, but he ____ it yet.

A. has been doing/hasn't been finishing                    B. has done/hasn't finished

C. has been doing/hasn't finished                              D. has done/hasn't been finishing

58. Pete ____ at Midfield Secondary School since 2006, but he ____ music in his lessons twice.

A. has been teaching/has only played                        B. has been teaching/has only been playing

C. has taught/has only been playing                          D. has taught/has only played

59. I ____ the biography of Robbie Williams, but I'm on page 50.

A. have read                B. have been reading              C. had read                 D. was reading

60. Jimmy can go out when he ____ for the exam.

A. has been studying               B. has been studied                 C. has studied                          D. studied

61.I ____ the latest Harry Potter book all day. I'm dying to know what happens in the end!

A. am reading             B. have been reading              C. have read                            D. had read

62. So far I ____ any of the exams at school.

A. haven't been failing            B. hadn't failed           C. didn't fail                            D. haven't failed

63. We ____ our classroom for the upcoming Teachers' Day, but there's still a lot to do.

A. are decorating        B. decorated               C. have been decorating         D. have decorated

64. Margaret ____ in the school marathon for charity before.

A. has never run          B. never runs               C. never ran                D. has never been running

65. My brother graduated from Hong Kong University of Science and Technology last month and ____ for a job since then.

A. has been looking                 B. has looked               C. was looking             D. had looked

66. Tim ____ for the scholarship to study abroad in the USA at least twice.

A. applied                    B. is applying               C. has been applying                           D. has applied

67. All the students ____ for their academic transcripts all this week, but they ____ them yet.

A. have waited/haven't received                                B. have been waiting/haven't received

C. have waited/haven't been receiving                      D. have been waiting/haven't been receiving

68. I ____ for the information about the differences between further education and higher education all this morning.

A. had searched          B. have been searched           C. have been searching          D. have searched

69. It's the first time you ____ an online course, isn't it?

A. had ever taken        B. have ever been taking        C. ever took                 D. have ever taken

70. The teacher ____ the speaking task on the board, so now the students are discussing it.

A. has already been writing                                        B. has already written

C. already wrote                                                         D. had already written

71. Sandy ____ his sister since she ____ to university in 2014.

A. hadn't seen/went                                                    B. hasn't been seeing/went

C. didn't see/has gone                                                            D. hasn't seen/went

72. They ____ to Spain for an educational exchange and won't be back until the end of this month.

A. have gone               B. went                        C. have been going                             D. is going

73. Poor Tracy! She ____ that essay for hours now and she still ____.

A. has written/hasn't finished                                                 B. has been writing/didn't finish

C. has been writing/hasn't finished                            D. has written/hasn't been finishing

74. Tom and Mary are still discussing the math exercise with each other because they ____ how to do it.

A. aren't working out                                                  B. haven't worked out

C. haven't been working out                                       D. didn't work out

75. I ____ reading a wonderful book about space travel.

A. just finish                B. just do finish           C. have just finished                D. have just been finishing

76. As a rule, you shouldn't argue with your hosts unless they ____ something openly offensive.

A. had said                  B. have been saying                C. have said                 D. would say

77. Noah Webster an American Dictionary of the English Language in two volumes in 1828, and since then it ____ the recognised authority for usage in the United States.

A. published/became                                                  B. has published/has become

C. published/was becoming                                        D. published/has become

78. She ____ of great help to us because she ____ for such a long time with us.

A. has been/had lived             B. has been/has been living    C. has been/lived        D. was/has lived

79. I ____ the book yet so I can't tell you what happens.

A. haven't finished      B. haven't been finishing        C. didn't finish             D. hadn't finished

80. Peter has been a junior clerk for three years. Lately he ____ for a better post but so far he ____ anything.

A. looks/hasn't found                                                  B. have looked/haven't found

C. has been looking/hasn't found                               D. has looked/hasn't found

Exercise 7. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

81. My brother has applied for that scholarship for months, but he has never succeeded yet.

                                 A          B                                     C                                                       D

82. I have been unable to make out what the lecturer was saying because we were right at the back of the hall.

               A                               B                                                          C                                     D

83. I have found a lot of informations about the history of English language teaching recently.

               A                               B              C                        D

84. Although there were a number of significant differences between the two systems, both countries share a

                                 A                                                   B                                                     C

commitment to high quality education.

                     D

85. I have never been understanding why such a lot of people want to study abroad.

                                    A                                B                              C                       D

86. It is the first time the Internet has ever applied in English teaching and learning in this remote district.

                  A                                             B                                              C                 D

87. Due to the geographical barrier, he has been deciding to choose distance education in order to get his

          A                        B                                    C                                              D

university degree.

88. Lily couldn't answer any questions in the end-of-term examination this morning, but she thinks she          

                   A                             B                                                                                     C

has failed.

        D

89. I have started doing my homework when I got home from school, but I stopped to watch my favourite

                A                                                B                                                                        C

music show.

    D

90. Prof. Daniel, who has been working in our faculty for almost 15 years, is giving a seminar on further

                                                A                                              B                                              C

education to students on next Friday.

                                            D

Part IV. SPEAKING

Exercise 8. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges. 91. “Could you pass that book over to me, please?” – “____”

A. Yes, of course.        B. No, why not?           C. Actually, I'm busy.              D. Yes, go ahead.

92. “If I were you, I would apply for the scholarship to the University of Melbourne.” – “____”

A. I'm not afraid so.                B. No way!                   C. I guess I should.                  D. I hope so.

93. “I hear you've passed your exam. Congratulations!” – “____”

A. What a pity!            B. You're welcome.                 C. I'm alright.              D. Thank you.

94. “Why do you choose French as your second major?” – “____”

A. Because it's quite like English.                               B. Because they are friendly.

C. I don't really care.                                                  D. It's nice to say so.

95. “Can I have a quick look at your lecture notes?” – “____”

A. Of course not today.                                               B. So far, so good!

C. No, I don't think so.                                     D. Sorry, I'm using them myself.

96. - "Let's go to the Dr. Millet's seminar on learning styles this afternoon!”

      - “____”

A. I wish I could but I'm busy then.                             B. Learning styles are really subjective.

C. Thanks, I won't.                                                       D. I would if I were you.

97. - "Mom, I've received an offer for a summer internship in Singapore!”

      - “____”

A. Really? Good luck!                                      B. Oh, that's great! Congratulations!

C. I couldn't agree more.                                            D. Oh, I'm sorry to hear that.

98. “Sorry, I'm late! May I come in, Miss Millie?” – “____”

A. Yes, come in, please!          B. Not right now.                     C. Let's do it!               D. I guess so.

99. "What an imaginative essay you've written, Matt!” – “____”

A. That's the least I could do.                                     B. Actually, I don't mind.

C. Thanks, it's nice of you to say so.                           D. Sorry, just my luck!

100.- “It was very kind of you to help me with the difficult homework!"

A. Oh, don't mention it.          B. Sorry, I don't know.             C. That sounds nice.    D. Thanks a lot.

101. “Do you mind if I use your dictionary for a while?” – “____”

A. Yes, I don't mind.          B. No, I don't think so.       C. Yes, go ahead.        D. No, go right ahead.

102. “Work harder or you'll fail the exam!” – “____”

A. Oh, that's fine for me!        B. Thanks, I will.          C. That sounds great!              D. Sure, go ahead!

103. “I'm sorry, teacher. I've left my exercise book at home today!” – “

A. I'm afraid, you can't.                                              B. Well, don't do that again next time.

C. No, of course not.                                                   D. I hope you won't.

104. "Shall I lend you a hand with the survey questionnaire?” – “____”

A. Yes, I'd love to.                                                       B. That sounds interesting!

C. Sure! That would be great help!                            D. How about tomorrow?

105. - “I’ll celebrate my graduation party this weekend. Could you come?"

        - “____”

A. Yes, of course, I will.                                               B. How can this be?

C. The more, the merrier.                                          D. Great work! Keep up!

Part V. READING

Exercise 9. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

One way of training for your future occupation in Germany is by pursuing a dual vocational training programme. Such programmes offer plenty of opportunity for on-the-job training and work experience. Programmes usually last between two and three and a half years and comprise theoretical as well as practical elements. You will spend one or two days a week, or several weeks at once, at a vocational school where you will acquire the theoretical knowledge that you will need in your future occupation. The rest of the time will be spent at a company. There you get to apply your newly acquired knowledge in practice, for example by learning to operate machinery. You will get to know what your company does, learn how it operates and find out if you can see yourself working there after completing your training.

This combination of theory and practice gives you a real head start into your job: by the time you have completed your training, you will not only have the required technical knowledge, but you will also have hands-on experience in your job. There are around 350 officially recognised training programmes in Germany, so chances are good that one of them will suit your interests and talents. You can find out which one that might be by visiting one of the jobs and vocational training fairs which are organised in many German cities at different times in the year.

Employment prospects for students who have completed a dual vocational training programme are very good. This is one of the reasons why this kind of training is very popular with young Germans: around two thirds of all students leaving school go on to start a vocational training programme.

106. Which of the following is probably the best title of the passage?

A. Employment Opportunities and Prospects in Germany

B. Higher Education System in Germany

C. Dual Vocational Training System in Germany

D. Combination of Theory and Practice in Studying in Germany

107. The word "it" in the first paragraph refers to ____.

A. company                 B. machinery               C. knowledge                          D. organisation

108. Which of the following statements best describes the dual vocational training programmes?

A. These programmes consist of an intensive theoretical course of two and a half years at a vocational school.

B. These programmes require you to have only practical working time at a certain company.

C. These programmes offer you some necessary technical skills to do your future job.

D. These programmes provide you with both theoretical knowledge and practical working experience.

109. The word "hands-on” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ____.

A. theoretical              B. practical                  C. technical                 D. integral

110. How many German school leavers choose this vocational training programme?

A. well over 75%                                             B. around one out of five

C. less than a third                                          D. about 70%

Exercise 10. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Do you think education is better now than it was in your grandparents' time? Many older people in the UK believe the opposite. “Schools were better in our day,” they complain. “There isn't enough discipline these days. Kids don't work as hard as we did, either. The syllabus isn't as challenging, so clever students aren't being stretched enough. They need to study things in greater depth. Exams are much, much easier now as well.”

Were schools better years ago? Some British teenagers travelled back in time to a 1950s boarding school. They got a big surprise! The first shock came when the teenagers met their new teachers. Dressed in traditional black gowns, they look so frosty and uncaring! They were really authoritarian, too, so anyone caught breaking the rules - talking in classes, mucking about in the playground or playing truant – was in big trouble! Punishments included writing 'lines' or staying after class to do detention. The naughtiest kids were expelled.

Things were just as bad after class. At meal times the students had to endure a diet of plain, no-nonsense, healthy food. Homework was obligatory and it took ages! Copying essays off the Internet wasn't an option, as personal computers didn't exist in the 1950s!

At the end of 'term' everyone sat 1950s-style exams. The old exams were much longer than their twenty-first century equivalents and involved learning huge amounts of facts by heart. History papers were all dates and battles. Maths papers were trickier, too; calculators weren't around in the 1950s, so the students had to memorise multiplication tables and master long division. Our candidates found this really difficult.

The exam results surprised a lot of people. Students predicted to do well in their real-life, twenty-first century exams often got low grades in the 1950s exams. Does this prove modern exams are too easy? Do twenty-first century kids rely too much on modern technology, like calculators and computers?

The TV series of That 'll teach 'em! focused on a 1960s vocational school. UK school-kids study a range of academic subjects these days. But in the 1960s, children judged to be less ‘able' went to vocational schools. These helped them learn job skills. Boys studied subjects like metalwork, woodwork or gardening. In some classes, they even learned how to milk goats! The girls' timetables included secretarial skills. They also learned to cook, clean and sew - probably not much fun for most girls.

111. What criticism is sometimes made about modern education in the first paragraph?

A. Teachers aren't strict enough.

B. The syllabus is out of date.

C. There's too much stress on exams.

D. The teaching methods are not good enough.

112. The word "authoritarian” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ____.

A. inexperienced                     B. impolite                  C. unreasonable                      D. strict

113. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the food the students ate at school?

A. It wasn't cooked properly.                          B. It wasn't delicious.

C. It wasn't nutritious.                                     D. There wasn't much of it.

114. The word "obligatory” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to ____.

A. compulsory             B. difficult                   C. long                         D. complicated

115. According to the passage, how did exams in the 1950s differ from those in the twenty-first century?

A They covered more subjects.                                  B. It took students less time to do them.

C. There was more to remember.                              D. They were less difficult.

116. What was surprising about the students' results after taking the 1950s-style exams?

A. All the students found the exams difficult.

B. Students didn't do as well as expected.

C. Students who were predicted to fail did rather well.

D. Students did better than twenty-first century exams.

117. The word “these” in the last paragraph refers to ____.

A. school-kids              B. subjects                   C. series                      D. vocational schools

118. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Vocational schools provided poorer children with equipment.

B. Vocational schools took children who were good at studying.

C. Vocational schools prepared students for employment.

D. Vocational schools were a complete waste of time.

Exercise 11. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

GAP YEAR

In the professional or career world, a gap year is a year before going to college or university and after finishing high school or (119) ____ a year off before going into graduate school after completing a bachelor as an undergraduate. (120) ____ this time, students may engage in advanced academic courses, extra-academic courses and non-academic courses, such as yearlong pre-college math courses, language studies, learning a trade, art studies, volunteer work, travel, internships, sports and more. Gap years are sometimes considered a way for students to become independent and learn a great deal of (121) ____ prior to engaging in university life.

Australians and New Zealanders have a tradition of travelling overseas independently (122) ____ a young age. In New Zealand, this is known as “doing an OE” (Overseas Experience). Sometimes, an OE is (123) ____ to one year, but often Australians and New Zealanders will remain overseas for three to five years, with many working short-term in service industry jobs to fund their continuing travels. Europe and Asia are popular destinations for doing an OE. In Australia, through exchange programmes and benefits for youth, there are so many opportunities for a young person to broaden their (124) ____ through travel in a gap year.

119. A. calling                         B. going                       C. taking                      D. turning

120. A. During                         B. When                      C. While                      D. By

121. A. responsible                 B. responsibility          C. irresponsible           D. irresponsibility

122. A. at                                 B. on                            C. in                             D. for

123. A. distributed                  B. used            C. spent                       D. limited

124. A. head                            B. mind                        C. brain                       D. memory

Exercise 12. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

EXAM OR CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT?

How do you feel when you sit an exam? Do you always succeed in getting all your ideas down on paper, or do you sometimes feel that you're (125) ____ a mess of it? (126) ____ from those lucky few who sail through exams, most secondary school pupils find them very stressful. Many teachers are (127) ____ of the problems their students face and use a different method for measuring their progress: continuous. With continuous assessment, students are given (128) ____ tasks to do throughout the year. All their marks are added together to produce a total mark (129) ____ the end of the year. Students have to (130) ____ more responsibility for their education because they can't rely on doing well on just one day. Also, they have more time to think over their work, meaning that they are able to do their best.

125. A. doing               B. having                     C. making                    D. taking

126. A. Apart               B. According                C. Except                     D. But

127. A. aware             B. intelligent               C. recognisable           D. knowledgeable

128. A. variety             B. various                    C. vary                         D. variably

129. A. at                     B. on                            C. in                             D. from

130. A. do                    B. get                           C. make                       D. take

Part VI. WRITING

Exercise 13. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

131 It's only her second time in an international conference about further education.

A. It was the second time she had been in an international conference about further education.

B. She has only been in an international conference about further education once before.

C. She has never been to any international conference about further education before.

D. She has already got used to being in an international conference about further education.

132. I started writing this essay hours ago and it's still not right.

A. I have been writing this essay for hours and it's still not right.

B. It's hours ago since I last wrote this essay correctly.

C. The last time I started writing this essay was hours ago, which is still not right.

D. I didn't stop to write this essay hours ago and it's still not right.

133. “You'd better work harder if you don't want to retake the exam!” the teacher said to Jimmy.

A. The teacher advised Jimmy to work harder if he didn't want to retake the exam.

B. The teacher ordered Jimmy to work harder if he didn't want to retake the exam.

C. The teacher reminded Jimmy to work harder if he didn't want to retake the exam.

D. The teacher warned Jimmy to work harder if he didn't want to retake the exam.

134. Lisa has never studied abroad before.

A. It's the first time Lisa has ever studied abroad.

B. It's the last time since Lisa studied abroad.

C. It was the first time Lisa had ever studied abroad.

D. Never before Lisa has studied abroad.

135. The last time my friend wrote a letter to me was in February.

A. I haven't never received a letter from my friend since February.

B. I last received a letter from my friend in February.

C. It was in February since I first received a letter from my friend.

D. My friend last wrote a letter to me when in February.

Exercise 14. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

136. Marie prepared her homework carefully. She could answer all the questions and got good marks.

A. Although she prepared her homework carefully, Marie could not answer all the questions and got good marks.

B. Having prepared her homework carefully, Marie could answer all the questions and got good marks.

C. If she had prepared her homework carefully, Marie could have answered all the questions and got good marks.

D. It was because of her careful preparation for the homework, Marie couldn't answer all the questions and got good marks.

137. We have been trying to learn English for years. We haven't succeeded yet.

A. Although we have been trying to learn English for years, we haven't succeeded yet.

B. After we've been trying to learn English for years, we have succeeded.

C. We haven't succeeded yet since we have been trying to learn English for years.

D. We have been trying to learn English for years, so we haven't succeeded yet.

138. The teacher was giving the lesson. The lights went out.

A. The lights went out as soon as the teacher started giving the lesson.

B. If the teacher had been giving the lesson, the lights wouldn't have gone out.

C. The teacher was giving the lesson, so the lights went out.

D. While the teacher was giving the lesson, the lights went out.

139. Our school started building a new canteen in June. They are still building it now.

A. Our school have started building a new canteen from June till now.

B. Our school have been building a new canteen since June.

C. Our school have built a new canteen now since starting in June.

D. Our school are building the new canteen which started in June.

140. Henry only started learning English last year. However, he can now speak it like a native.

A. If he had started learning English last year, Henry could now speak it like a native.

B. After starting learning English last year, Henry can now speak it like a native.

C. Although he only started learning English last year, Henry can now speak it like a native.

D. Henry, who has only started learning English since last year, can now speak it like a native.