Exercise 8. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered bla

THE SUFFRAGETTES

England has had a democracy for a long time. Until 1918, however, women were not allowed (106) ____ in it. The right to vote is called ‘suffrage’ and the English women who fought (107) ____ and won that right were called “suffragettes”.

The suffragette movement was led by Emmiline Pankhurst. In 1903, she  (108) ____ an organization called the Women’s Social and Politica Union (WSPU). Members of the WSPU went to the Prime Minister to (109) ____ suffrage, but he told them to “be patient”. The suffragettes were not (110) ____.They wanted change immediately.

The fight for the vote for women became (111) ____ and sometimes violent. In 1908, two suffragettes (112) ____ themselves to the fence outside the Prime Minister's front door! They were arrested and spent weeks in jail. In 1912, hundreds of women (113) ____ the streets of London. They broke shop windows and even threw Stones (114) ____ the Prime Minister’s house. Thousands of suffragettes were (115) ____ for this and similar actions over the years.

World War I (1914-1918) proved to be an important (116) ____ for the women’s movement. Women contributed so much to the war effort as nurses', factory workers, and at other jobs that more people became convinced of their right to vote. Women were (117) ____ given that right in January, 1918.

106. A. to vote	B. for vote	C. in voting	D. vote
107. A. with	B. for	C. against	D. to
108. A. did	B. made	C. founded	D. found
109. A. demand	B. ask	C. want	D. raise
110. A. satisfaction	B. satisfactory	C. satisfy	D. satisfied
111. A. intensive	B. intense	C. intend	D. intention
112. A. trained	B.changed	C. chained	D. charged
113. A. took to	B. took in	C. took up	D. took over
114. A. onto	B. on	C. over	D. at
115. A. jail	B. jailed	C. jailing	D. on jail
116. A. eventual	B. even	C. event	D. eventually
117. A. finally	B. final	C. initial	D. initially

Exercise 9. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

For Catherine Lumby, deciding to take on the role of breadwinner in her relationship was not a difficult choice. When she discovered she was pregnant with her first child, she had just been offered a demanding new role as Director of the Media and Communications department at the University of Sydney. But she didn't see this as an obstacle, and was prepared to use childcare when the children were old enough. It came, therefore, as a surprise to Lumby and her husband Derek that, after the birth of their son, they couldn’t actually bear the thought of putting him into childcare tor nine hours a day. As she was the one with the secure job, the role of primary care-giver fell to Derek, who was writing scripts for television. This arrangement continued for the next four years, w ith Derek working from home and caring for both of their sons. He returned to full-time work earlier this year.

Whilst Lumby and her husband are by no means the only Australians making such a role reversal, research suggests that they are in the minority. In a government-funded survey in 2001, only 5.5 percent of couples in the 30-54 year age group saw the women working either part- or full-time while the men were unemployed.

The situation is likely to change, according to the CEO of Relationships Australia, Anne Hollonds. She suggests that this is due to several reasons, including the number of highly educated women in the workforce and changing social patterns and expectations. However, she warns that for couples involved in role-switching, there are many potential difficulties to be overcome. For men whose self-esteem is connected to their jobs and the income it provides to the family, a major change of thinking is required. It also requires women to reassess, particularly with regard to domestic or child-rearing decisions, and they may have to learn to deal with the guilt of not always being there at key times for their children. Being aware of these issues can make operating in non-traditional roles a lot easier.

118. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Men being the bread winners                                B. Traditional roles of women

C. Women being the home makers                            D. Reversed roles between men and women

119. Catherine and her husband decided that Catherine would be the primary earner because ____.     

A. she had a badly paid job                                         B. she was not good at childcare

C. she had a reliable job                                             D. she wanted her husband to stay at home

120. In paragraph 1, the word “him" refers to ____.

A. their son                  B. her husband            C. Derek                      D. her colleague

121. They decided that Derek would look after their son because they ____.

A. couldn’t afford to put their child in care for long periods each day

B. didn’t want to put their child in care for long periods each day

C. thought childcare was not safe enough for their children

D. worried about their son’s health problems

122. In paragraph 2, the word “reversal" is closest in meaning to ____.

A. stability                   B. modification           C. rehearsal                D. switch

123. One reason tor a change in the number of men staying home is ____.

A. the stability in the number of highly-educated women who are working

B. the fall in the number of highly-educated women who are working

C. the rise in the number of highly-educated women who are working

D. the fluctuation in the number of highly-educated women who are working

Exercise 10. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

In 1812 a young man called James Barry finished his studies in medicine at Edinburgh University. After graduating he moved to London where he studied surgery at Guy’s Hospital. After that the popular young doctor joined the army and over the next forty years had a brilliant career as an army medical officer, working in many far-off countries and fighting successfully for improved conditions in hospitals. It was a remarkable career - made even more remarkable by the discovery upon his death that he was in fact a she, James Barry was a woman.

No one was more surprised at this discovery than her many friends and colleagues. It was true that throughout her life people had remarked upon her small size, slight build and smooth pale face. One officer had even objected to her appointment as a medical assistant because he could not believe that Barry was old enough to have graduated in medicine. But no one had ever seriously suggested that Barry was anything other than a man.

By all accounts Barry was a pleasant and good-humoured person with high cheekbones, reddish hair, a long nose and large eyes. She was well-liked by her patients and had a reputation for great speed in surgery - an important quality at a time when operations were performed without anaesthetic. She was also quick tempered. When she was working in army hospitals and prisons overseas, the terrible conditions often made her very angry. She fought hard against injustice and cruelty and her temper sometimes got her into trouble with the authority. After a long career overseas, she returned to London where she died in 1865. While the undertaker’s assistant was preparing her body for burial, she discovered that James Barry was a woman.

So why did James Barry deceive people for so long? At that time a woman could not study medicine, work as a doctor or join the army. Perhaps Barry had always wante to        do these things and pretending to be a man was the only way to make it possible. Perhaps she was going to tell the truth one day, but didn’t because she was enjoying her life as a man too much. Whatever the reason, Barry's deception was successful. By the time it was discovered that she had been the first woman in Britain to qualify as a doctor, it was too late for the authorities to do anything about it.